GUIDE TO D ECENTRALIZED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.1921Abstract
The World Alliance for Decentralized Energy (WADE) was formed
by energy professionals from all over the world who believe the ruling
central generation paradigm is no longer optimal, and that moving to
decentralized generation will improve standards of living and reduce
environmental damage. This Introductory guide has therefore been pro-
duced to provide a standard source of information about DE technolo-
gies, both commercial and pre-commercial, which form the basis of de-
centralized energy development around the world today. Much of the
material will be familiar to established DE practitioners and developers,
but for others, it is hoped that the guide will serve as a valuable resource.
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References
i Based on typical cogeneration values. Levelized costs based on a coal
price of 0.5 ¢/kWh, maintenance costs of 0.4 ¢/kWh, a discount rate
of 8% with a ten year payback period, an electrical efficiency of 15%
and an overall efficiency of 75%.
ii The European Association for the Promotion of Cogeneration, A Guide
to Cogeneration, June 2001 available at http://www.cogen.org/
publications/reports_and_studies.htm
iii Based on typical cogeneration values. Levelized costs based on a gaprice of 1.88 ¢/kWh, maintenance costs of 0.55 ¢/kWh, a discount rate
of 8% with a ten year payback period, an electrical efficiency of 35%
and an overall efficiency of 80%.
iv Energy Nexus Group, Technology Characterization Gas Turbines,
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v Financial Times Energy—Decentralized Energy
vi See note (ii)
vii Based on typical cogeneration values. Levelized costs based on a gas
price of 1.88 ¢/kWh, maintenance costs of 1.25 ¢/kWh, a discount rate
of 8% with a ten year payback period, an electrical efficiency of 45%
and an overall efficiency of 85%.
viii See note (v)
ix Based on typical values. Levelized costs based on a gas price of 1.88
¢/kWh, maintenance costs of 1 ¢/kWh, a discount rate of 8% with a
ten year payback period, an electrical efficiency of 20% and an overall
efficiency of 90%.
x Based on typical values. Levelized costs based on a gas price of 1.88
¢/kWh, maintenance costs of 1 ¢/kWh (projected value), a discount
rate of 8% with a ten year payback period, an electrical efficiency of
% and an overall efficiency of 80%.
xi Global Equity Research, An Introduction to Fuel Cells, November 2000
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xii Levelized costs based on a gas price of 1.88 ¢/kWh, maintenance costs
of 2 ¢/kWh, a discount rate of 8% with a ten year payback period, an
electrical efficiency of 50% and an overall efficiency of 80%.
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xv Peter Frankel, Flowing too slowly—Performance and potential of small
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xvi Based on typical values. Levelized costs based on a maintenance cost
of 0.7 ¢/kWh and a discount rate of 8% with a ten year payback
period.
xvii See note (v)
xviii Solar Access, Solar Energy Basics, available at http://
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xix See note (v)
xx Based on typical values. Levelized costs based on maintenance costs of
% of the initial capital investment per annum and a discount rate of
% with a ten year payback period.
xxi Renewable Energy World, Adapted from Germany’s PV financing
schemes and the market by Ingrid Weiss and Peter Sprau, Jan-Feb 2002
xxii see note (ii)
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