Impact of Fuel Cell System on Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme Design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3752Keywords:
Critical frequency, critical load, fuel cell system (FCS), proportional integral (PI) controller, under frequency load shedding (UFLS)Abstract
The drop in frequency is a direct consequence of generation deficiency, either due to loss of generation or an increase in load. Therefore, in this work, to compensate for this generation deficiency following large disturbances, a fuel cell system (FCS) could be the most effective counter-measure. With the introduction of a proportional-integral (PI) controller to the FCS, the power output of the FCS can be further modified. In the present work, a two-area hydro-thermal interconnected system is being considered and simulated in MATLAB with and without FCS. From the simulation results, it is found that by using a FCS (with and without PI), the load shedding amount is reduced and the under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is made more effective.
Downloads
References
Kumar B.S., Mishra S., Bhende C.N., Chauhan, M.S., “PI controller based frequency regulator for distributed generation”, TENCON 2008, IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp. 1–6.
Concordia C, Fink L H, Poullikkas G., 1995. “Load shedding on an isolated system”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 1467–1472.
You H and Vittal V., 2003. “Self-healing in power systems: an approach using islanding and rate of frequency decline-based load shedding”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 174–181.
Thompson J G, Fox B. Adaptive load shedding for isolated power systems. IEE Proceedings of Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 141, No. 5, pp. 491–496, 1994.
Ray P K, Mohanty S R, Kishore N, 2009. “Frequency Regulation of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Large Band wind Speed Variation, International Conference on Power Systems, pp. 1–6.
Małkowski, R.; Nieznañski, J. Underfrequency Load Shedding: An Innovative Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic. Energies 2020, 13, 1456.
Li, S.; Tang, F.; Shao, Y.; Liao, Q. Adaptive Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme in System Integrated with High Wind Power Penetration: Impacts and Improvements. Energies 2017, 10, 1331.
Worku, M.Y.; Hassan, M.A.; Abido, M.A. Real Time-Based under Frequency Control and Energy Management of Microgrids. Electronics 2020, 9, 1487.
Krishnakumar R. Vasudevan, Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy, Gomathi Venugopal, J.B. Ekanayake, S.K. Tiong, Hierarchical frequency control framework for a remote microgrid with pico hydel energy storage and wind turbine, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 127, 2021, 106666.
Rui Lin, Hang Yu, Di Zhong, Lihang Han, Ying Lu, Shenghao Tang, Zhixian Hao, Investigation of real-time changes and recovery of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in voltage reversal, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 236, 2021, 114037.
Yogendra Arya, Impact of hydrogen aqua electrolyzer-fuel cell units on automatic generation control of power systems with a new optimal fuzzy TIDF-II controller, Renewable Energy, Volume 139, 2019, Pages 468–482.
Rui Lin, Hang Yu, Di Zhong, Lihang Han, Ying Lu, Shenghao Tang, Zhixian Hao, Investigation of real-time changes and recovery of proton exchange membrane fuel cell in voltage reversal, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 236, 2021, 114037.
Mrinal Ranjan, Ravi Shankar, A literature survey on load frequency control considering renewable energy integration in power system: Recent trends and future prospects, Journal of Energy Storage, Volume 45, 2022, 103717.
M.S. Okundamiya, Integration of photovoltaic and hydrogen fuel cell system for sustainable energy harvesting of a university ICT infrastructure with an irregular electric grid, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 250, 2021, 114928.
Donghai Hu, Wenshuo Hou, Leli Hu, Lei Yang, Qingqing Yang, Jiaming Zhou, Optimal operation region of super-high-speed electrical air compressor in fuel cell system for working stability under multiple-time scale excitation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 38, 2021, Pages 20054–20064.
Mohamed Nacereddine Sid, Mohamed Becherif, Abdenacer Aboubou, Amel Benmouna, Power control techniques for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A comparative study, Computers & Electrical Engineering, 2021, 107602.
Yuyan Zhu, Huaiyuan Wang, Zhenshan Zhu, Improved VSG control strategy based on the combined power generation system with hydrogen fuel cells and super capacitors, Energy Reports, Volume 7, 2021, Pages 6820–6832.
M.A. Ebrahim, Besanti Talat, E.M. Saied, Implementation of self-adaptive Harris Hawks Optimization-based energy management scheme of fuel cell-based electric power system, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 29, 2021, Pages 15268–15287
Yigeng Huangfu, Yuhui Ma, Hao Bai, Liangcai Xu, Aiben Wang, Rui Ma, A family of high gain fuel cell front-end converters with low input current ripple for PEMFC power conditioning systems, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Volume 46, Issue 53, 2021, Pages 27156–27172.
Nicu Bizon, Efficient fuel economy strategies for the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems under variable renewable/load power profile, Applied Energy, Volume 251, 2019, 113400.
Bizon N, Mazare AG, Ionescu LM, Thounthong P, Kurt E, Oproescu M, Serban G, Lita I. Better Fuel Economy by Optimizing Airflow of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems Using Fuel Flow-Based Load-Following Control. Energies. 2019; 12(14):279.
