Comparative Evaluation of Second-Class Lever Principle Based Single-Axis Solar Tracking System and Conventional System

Authors

  • Krishna Kumba Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Sishaj P Simo Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Kinattingal Sundareswaran Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Panugothu Srinivasan Rao Nayak Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3859

Keywords:

Fixed solar system, Incident solar energy on fixed and tracked system, Photovoltaic Efficiency, Single-axis solar tracking system

Abstract

This article presented the comparative study of the second-class lever principle single-axis solar tracking system (SCLPSAST) with the fixed solar axis (FSA) system. The SCLPSAST system continuously tracks the sun regardless of atmospheric conditions from sunrise to sunset. This SCLPSAST system is a cost effective and straightforward solar tracking system built with negligible operational costs. The Photovoltaic (PV) panel are directed towards the sun throughout the year without using any additional power. The main advantage is that an external motor is not required to control the solar panel. A detailed performance evaluation of the SCLPSAST system is carried out for 90 days (from Jan 2022 to Mar 2022) with the FSA system. Finally, the working functionality, efficiency improvement, and experimental consequences of the SCLPSAST system are detailed. SCLPSAST and the fixed solar system generated 8.92 kWh and 7.03 kWh, respectively, which is around 26.87% more energy than the FSA system.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Krishna Kumba, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Krishna Kumba received the B.Tech. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from JNTU Hyderabad, India, in 2008; and the M. Tech. degree in the control system, from National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, in 2010. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. His research interests include power system planning and reliability. renewable energy systems.

Sishaj P Simo, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Sishaj P. Simon was born in India. He received the B.Eng. degree in electrical and electronics engineering, the M.Eng. degree in applied electronics both from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, in 1999 and 2001, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in power system engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, in 2006. Currently, he is an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) (formerly Regional Engineering College), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. His research interests include the area of power system operation and control, power system planning and reliability, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic systems, and application of meta-heuristics, and intelligent techniques to power systems.

Kinattingal Sundareswaran, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Kinattingal Sundareswaran was born in Pallassana, Kerala, India, in 1966. He received the B.Tech. (Hons.) degree in electrical and electronics engineering and the M.Tech. (Hons.) degree in power electronics from the University of Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India, in 1988 and 1991, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2001. From 2005 to 2006, he was a professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, India. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. His research interests include power electronics, renewable energy systems, and biologically inspired optimization techniques.

Panugothu Srinivasan Rao Nayak, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Panugothu Srinivasan Rao Nayak was born in Perikapadu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, in 1979. He received the B.Tech. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Bapatla Engineering College (BEC), Bapatla, Guntur, in 2001; the M.Tech. degree in energy systems from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India, in 2006; and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2014. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology. His research interests include power electronics and drives, biologically inspired optimization techniques, and wireless power transfer systems.

References

Nan, J, ‘Key Technology Optimization and Development of New Energy Enterprises of Photovoltaic Power Generation’, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 37(1), pp. 117–128, 2021. Available: https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3716.

Dutta, A., Biswas, J, Roychowdhury, S, Neogi, S, ‘Optimum Tilt Angles for Manual Tracking of Photovoltaic Modules.’ Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 31(02), pp. 7–35. Available: https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3121.

Mohammad, S. S., and Iqbal, S. J, ‘Optimization and Power Management of Solar PV-based Integrated Energy System for Distributed Green Hydrogen Production’, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 37(4), pp. 865–898, 2022. Available: https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3741.

Iqbal, S. J., and Mohammad, S. S, ‘Power Management, Control and Optimization of Photovoltaic/Battery/Fuel Cell/Stored Hydrogen-Based Microgrid for Critical Hospital Loads’, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 37(4), pp. 1027–1054, 2022. https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3747.

Finster C. El Heliostato de la Universidad Santa Maria. Scientia, vol. 119, pp. 5–20, 1962.

A Sun-tracking system. Applied Energy., vol. 79, pp. 345–354. 2004. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.12.004.

Clifford M.J. and Eastwood D, ‘Design a novel passive solar tracker’, Solar Energy. vol. 77, pp. 269–280. 2004. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.06.009.

B. J. Huang. and F. S. Sun, ‘Feasibility study of one axis three positions tracking solar PV with low concentration ratio reflector’, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1273–1280. 2007. Available: DOI: 10.1016/J.ENCONMAN.2006.09.020.

N. Mohammed and T. Karim, ‘Design and implementation of hybrid automatic solar tracking system’, Int. J. Electr. Power Eng., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 111–117. 2012. Available: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4007295.

M. Mahendran. H. L. Ong. G. C. Lee. and K. Thanikaikumaran, ‘An experimental comparison study between single-axis is tracking and fixed photovoltaic solar panel efficiency and power output: Case study in east coast Malaysia’, in Sustainable Development Conference. Bangkok. Thailand, 2013. Available: http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/3797.

B. Huang. Y.-C. Huang. G.-Y. Chen. P.-C. Hsu. and K. Li, ‘Improving solar PV system efficiency using one-axis 3-position Sun tracking’, Energy Procedia. vol. 33, pp. 280–287. 2013. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.069.

I. Abadi. A. Soeprijanto. and A. Musyafa, ‘Design of single axis solar tracking system at photovoltaic panel using fuzzy logic controller’, in 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology (BICET 2014). 2014. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7120264.

R. A. Ferdaus. M. A. Mohammed. S. Rahman. S. Salehin. and M. Abdul Mannan, ‘Energy efficient hybrid dual axis solar tracking system’, J. Renew. Energy. pp. 1–12. 2014. Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/629717.

G. C. Lazaroiu, M. Longo, M. Roscia. and M. Pagano, ‘Comparative analysis of fixed and Sun tracking low power PV systems considering energy consumption’, Energy Convers. Manag. vol. 92, pp. 143–148. 2015. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.12.046.

M. Yılmaz and F. Kentli, ‘Increasing of electrical energy with solar tracking system at the region which has Turkey’s most solar energy potential’, Clean Energy Technol. vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 287–290. 2015. Available: DOI: 10.7763/JOCET.2015.V3.210.

A. Cammarata, ‘Optimized design of a large-workspace 2-DOF parallel robot for solar tracking systems’, Mech. Mach. Theory. vol. 83, pp. 175–186. 2015. Available: DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2014.09.012.

J. Parmar. N. Parmar. S. Gautam, ‘Analysis and implementation of passive solar tracking system’, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering. vol. 5(1), pp.138–145. 2015. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Passive-Solar-Tracking-System-Parmar-Parmar/79affcd91f1088d9f3ad1f48323aaa0962b218a7.

K. K. N. V. Subramaniam. and M. E, ‘Power analysis of non-tracking PV system with low power RTC based sensor independent solar tracking (SIST) PV system’, Mater. Today Proc. 2016. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.185.

A. S. C. Roong and S.-H. Chong, ‘Laboratory-scale single axis solar tracking system: Design and implementation’, Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst. vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 254–264. 2016. Available: DOI: 10.11591/IJPEDS.V7.I1.PP254-264.

Basnayake Jayathilaka. Amarasinghe, Attalage RA. Jayasekara AGBP, ‘Smart solar tracking and on-site photovoltaic efficiency measurement system’, Moratuwa Eng Res Conf (MERCon). pp. 54–9. 2016. Available: DOI: 10.1109/MERCon.2016.7480115.

Shinya Obaraa. Kazuhiro Matsumurab. Shun Aizawac. Hiroyuki Kobayashid. Yasuhiro Hamadae. and Takanori Sudaf, ‘Development of a solar tracking system of a nonelectric power source by using a metal hydride actuator’, Solar Energy. vol. 158, pp. 1016–1025. 2017. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.056.

Mostefa Ghassoul, ‘Single-axis automatic tracking system based on PILOT scheme to control the solar panel to optimize solar energy extraction’, Energy Reports. vol. 4, pp. 20–527. 2018. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2018.07.001.

Hossein Mousazadeh. Alireza Keyhani. Arzhang Javadi. Hossein Mobli. Karen Abrinia. Ahmad Sharifi, ‘A review of principle and Sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, pp. 1800–1818. 2009. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.01.022.

Single Axis Solar Tracking System And Method Thereof, by Sishaj P Simon. K. Sundareswaran. P. Srinivasarao Nayak. et., 07/04/2022, Patent Number:394395.

Camelia Stanciu. Dorin Stanciu, ‘Optimum tilt angle for flat plate collectors all over the World A declination dependence formula and comparisons of three solar radiation models’, Energy Conversion and Management. vol. 81, pp. 133–143. 2014. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.016.

Basharat Jamil. Evangelos Bellos, ‘Development of empirical models for estimation of global solar radiation exergy in India’, Journal of Cleaner Production. vol. 207, pp. 1–16. 2019. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.246.

Akhlaghi. S. Sangrody. H. Sarailoo. M, ‘Efficient operation of residential solar panels with determination of the optimal tilt angle and optimal intervals based on forecasting model’, IET Renew. Power Gener. vol. 11, pp. 1261–1267. 2017. Available: DOI: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.1033.

J. The role of solar-radiation climatology in the design of photovoltaic systems’ Part II-1-A, McEvoy’s handbook of photovoltaics. Elsevier Academic Press. United Kingdom, 3rd Edn. pp. 601–670. 2018. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-185617390-2/50004-0.

Kalogirou. S.A., ‘Environmental characteristics, Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems Chapter II’, Elsevier Academic Press, United Kingdom 2014, pp. 51–123. Available: https://www.elsevier.com/books/solar-energy-ngineering/kalogirou/978-0-12-397270-5

Brownson. J. R. S., Sun-Earth Geometry. Solar Energy Conversion Systems. pp. 135–178. 2014. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397021-3.00006-5.

S. Bhattacharjee. S. Bhakta, ‘Analysis of system performance indices of PV generator in a cloudburst precinct’, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. vol. 4, pp. 62–71. 2013. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2013.10.003.

M. A. Danandeh. S. M. Mousavi G, ‘Solar irradiance estimation models and optimum tilt angle approaches: A comparative study’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. vol. 92, pp. 319–330. 2018. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.004.

Praveen Kumar, T. Subrahmanyam, N., and Sydulu, M, ‘Power Management System of a Particle Swarm Optimization Controlled Grid Integrated Hybrid PV/WIND/FC/Battery Distributed Generation System, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 36(2), pp. 141–168, 2021. Available: https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3624.

Puthusserry, G. V, Sundareswaran, K., Simon, S. P, and Krishnan, G. S. ‘Maximum Energy Extraction in Partially Shaded PV Systems Using Skewed Genetic Algorithm: Computer Simulations, Experimentation and Evaluation on a 30 kW PV Power Plant’, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 37(06), pp. 1773–1796. Available: https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3763.

Sutikno, T, Subrata, A. C, and Jusoh, A, ‘A New FL-MPPT High Voltage DC-DC Converter for PV Solar Application’, Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, Vol. 37(05), pp. 1527–1548. Available: https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.37510.

Downloads

Published

2023-07-12

How to Cite

Kumba, K. ., Simon, S. P. ., Sundareswaran, K. ., & Nayak, P. S. R. . (2023). Comparative Evaluation of Second-Class Lever Principle Based Single-Axis Solar Tracking System and Conventional System. Distributed Generation &Amp; Alternative Energy Journal, 38(05), 1559–1584. https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3859

Issue

2023: Vol 38 Iss 5

Section

Articles