Superimposed Positive Sequence Impedance for Detecting Unintentional Islanding in Microgrid

Authors

  • Indradeo Pratap Bharti MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
  • Navneet Kumar Singh MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
  • Om Hari Gupta NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur, India
  • Asheesh Kumar Singh MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
  • Vijay K. Sood Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3938

Keywords:

Multi-bus network, islanding detection, SPSI, synchronous DG, Microgrid, Wind energy conversion

Abstract

Incorporation of environmentally friendly energy sources (RESs) into the electricity grid has many benefits, including economic, technological, and environmental. However, excessive renewable energy sources (RES) in the power grid provide technical problems, including equipment protection, DG operation, and islanding detection. One of the most serious challenges is the islanding phenomenon. Islanding can cause several problems, such as frequency instability and voltage fluctuations resulting in damage to electrical equipment or threatening utility workers who may be working/accessing the equipment. This research proposes an efficient islanding detection algorithm to lessen the impact of such threats. This novel passive islanding detection scheme is based on superimposed positive sequence impedance (SPSI). For calculating the superimposed positive sequence impedance (SPSI), the voltage and current signals are obtained from targeted DG points. The scheme’s performance is tested on multiple bus systems across islanding and non-islanding conditions using a MATLAB/Simulink environment. It is shown that even in the presence of noise, the algorithm can determine an islanding decision with high accuracy and a short detection time of 84 ms. In comparison to other algorithms, it operates at zero power mismatch (ZPM) and does not affect power quality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Indradeo Pratap Bharti, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India

Indradeo Pratap Bharti received his B.Tech degree in electrical engineering from Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar, India, in 2014, and his M.Tech degree in power systems from the Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India, in 2016. Currently, he is pursuing a Ph.D. degree at the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India, His research interests include electric power systems, power distribution systems, and islanding operations in microgrids.

Navneet Kumar Singh, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India

Navneet Kumar Singh received his B.Sc. Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering in 2004 and M. Tech degree in 2006 from Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India. And Ph.D. degree in 2016 from the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India. He is presently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India. His major areas of research are Power System Operation and Planning, and Artificial Intelligence Applications in Power Systems.

Om Hari Gupta, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur, India

Om Hari Gupta obtained his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India. He is presently employed as an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, at the National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, India. He is a recipient of the Canadian Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Scholarship for research visiting the Ontario Tech University (Formerly University of Ontario Institute of Technology), Oshawa, ON, Canada in 2017. His major areas of research interest include power system protection, microgrids, renewable-based distributed generation, and electric power quality. Dr. Gupta is a senior member of IEEE and a reviewer for various international journals including IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Electric Power Components and Systems, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, etc.

Asheesh Kumar Singh, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj, India

Asheesh Kumar Singh received his B. Tech degree in electrical engineering from Harcourt Butler Technical. Institute, Kanpur (INDIA), in 1991, and the M.Tech. degree in Control systems from the National Institute of Technology (formerly REC), Kurukshetra (INDIA), in 1994. I doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (INDIA), in 2007. He is currently working as a Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, MNNIT Allahabad. He has more than 15 years of teaching experience. He is also serving as a Chair in Conferences (IEEE-UPCON). His research interests include power Systems, Power quality, E-mobility, Renewable energy integration, Microgrids, and Smart Grid.

Vijay K. Sood, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON, Canada

Vijay K. Sood received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Bradford, Bradford, U.K., in 1977. He is currently an Associate Professor at OntarioTech University, Oshawa, Canada. He has extensive experience in the simulation of HVDC-FACTS systems and their controllers. He has authored two textbooks on HVDC Transmission. His research focuses on the monitoring, control, and protection of power systems and the integration of renewable energy systems into the smart grid. Dr. Sood is a Registered Professional Engineer in the province of Ontario, a Fellow of the IEEE, Engineering Institute of Canada, and an Emeritus Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering.

References

Mohammed Ali Khan, Ahteshamul Haque, V.S. Bharath Kurukuru, Mekhilef Saad, “Islanding detection techniques for grid-connected photovoltaic systems-A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111854.

M. Sujikannan, A. R. Kumar, and S. A. Daniel, “Sizing of Rooftop PV Array and Community-Run Battery Storage for an Energy Cooperative in Prosumer Cluster”, DGAEJ, vol. 37, no. 06, pp. 1797–1822, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3764.

“IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces–Amendment 1: To Provide More Flexibility for Adoption of Abnormal Operating Performance Category III,” in IEEE Std 1547a-2020 (Amendment to IEEE Std 1547-2018), vol., no., pp. 1–16, 15 April 2020, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2020.9069495.

I. P. Bharti, N. K. Singh, O. H. Gupta and A. K. Singh, “Developments in Islanding Detection and Its Comparison: A Comprehensive Review,” 2021 IEEE 8th Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), Dehradun, India, 2021, pp. 1–10, doi: 10.1109/UPCON52273.2021.9667656.

H. Abdi, A. Rostami, and N. Rezaei, “A novel passive islanding detection scheme for synchronous-type DG using load angle and mechanical power parameters,” Electrical. Power System. Res., vol. 192, Mar. 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106968.

Nikita Gupta, Rahul Dogra, Rachana Garg & Parmod Kumar, “Review of islanding detection schemes for utility-interactive solar photovoltaic systems,” International Journal of Green Energy 2022. doi: 10.1080/15435075.2021.1941048.

A. Hussain, C.-H. Kim and A. Mehdi, “A Comprehensive Review of Intelligent Islanding Schemes and Feature Selection Techniques for Distributed Generation System,” in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 146603–146624, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3123382.

J. Bashir, and P. Jena, “Positive Sequence Superimposed Based Islanding Detection Method Used in Distributed Generation,” Distributed Generation & Amp, Alternative Energy Journal, 38(02), 367–392, 2023. doi: 10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3821.

Fadila Barkat, Ali Cheknane, Josep M. Guerrero, Abderezak Lashab, Marcel Istrate, Mihai Gavrilas, Justina G. Motas, Ioan Viorel Banu, “Review, analysis, and performance evaluation of the most common four active methods for islanding detection in grid-connected photovoltaic systems,” Electric Power Systems Research, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108909.

A. Pouryekta, and V. K. Ramachandaramurthy, “A Hybrid Islanding Detection Method for Distribution Systems,” Distributed Generation &Amp; Alternative Energy Journal, 33(4), 44–67, 2018. doi: 10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3343.

G. Wang, F. Gao, J. Liu, Q. Li, and Y. Zhao, “Design consideration and performance analysis of a hybrid islanding detection method combining voltage unbalance/total harmonic distortion and bilateral reactive power variation,” in CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 86–100, March 2020, doi: 10.24295/CPSSTPEA.2020.00008.

K.-L. Chen, Y. Guo, J. Wang, and X. Yang, “Contactless Islanding Detection Method Using Electric Field Sensors,” in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 70, pp. 1–13, Art no. 9001413, 2021. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2020.3043096.

W. Xu, G. Zhang, C. Li, W. Wang, G. Wang, and J. Kliber, “A Power Line Signaling Based Technique for Anti-islanding Protection of Distributed Generators: Part I: Scheme and Analysis,” IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Tampa, FL, USA, pp. 1–1, 2007. doi: 10.1109/PES.2007.385448.

C.-I. Chen and Y.-C. Chen, “Intelligent Identification of Voltage Variation Events Based on IEEE Std 1159-2009 for SCADA of Distributed Energy System,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 2604–2611, April 2015. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2348948.

D. Mlakiæ, H. R. Baghaee and S. Nikolovski, “Gibbs Phenomenon-Based Hybrid Islanding Detection Strategy for VSC-Based Microgrids Using Frequency Shift, THDU, and RMSU,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 5479–5491, Sept. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2883595.

S. Barczentewicz, T. Lerch, A. Bie, and K. Duda, “Laboratory evaluation of a phasor-based islanding detection method,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 7, p. 1953, Apr. 2021. doi: 10.3390/en14071953.

Pravin Kumar, Vishal Kumar, Barjeev Tyagi, “Islanding detection for a reconfigurable microgrid with RES,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 2020. doi: 10.1049/gtd2.12095.

C. Li, C. Cao, Y. Cao, Y. Kuang, L. Zeng, and B. Fang, “A review of islanding detection methods for microgrid,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 35, pp. 211–220, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.026.

Ch. Rami Reddy, K. Harinadha Reddy, “An Efficient Passive Islanding Detection Method for Integrated DG System with Zero NDZ,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, December 2018. doi:10.20508/ijrer.v8i4.8335.g7507.

H. Shayeghi and B. Sobhani, “Zero NDZ assessment for anti-islanding protection using wavelet analysis and neuro-fuzzy system in inverter-based distributed generation,” Energy Convers. Manage., vol. 79, pp. 616–625, Mar. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.062.

R. Dubey, M. Popov, and S. R. Samantaray, “Transient monitoring function-based islanding detection in the power distribution network,” IET Generation., Transmission. Distribution., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 805–813, Mar. 2019. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1941.

O. H. Gupta, M. Tripathy, V. K. Sood, “Islanding detection scheme for converter-based DGs with nearly zero non-detectable zone,” IET Generation Transmission Distribution 13(23):5365–5374, 2019. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.5168.

M. Seyedi, S. A. Taher, B. Ganji, and J. Guerrero, “A Hybrid Islanding Detection Method Based on the Rates of Changes in Voltage and Active Power for the Multi-Inverter Systems,” in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 2800–2811, July 2021. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3061567.

R. Bakhshi-Jafarabadi, J. Sadeh and M. Popov, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Injection Method for Islanding Detection of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems in Microgrid,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 168–179, Feb 2021, doi: 10.1109/ TPWRD.2020.2976739.

A. Rostami, A. Jalilian, S. Zabihi, J. Olamaei, and E. Pouresmaeil, “Islanding Detection of Distributed Generation Based on Parallel Inductive Impedance Switching,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 813–823, March 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2923289.

Karimi, Mazaher, Mohammad Farshad, Qiteng Hong, Hannu Laaksonen, and Kimmo Kauhaniemi, “An Islanding Detection Technique for Inverter-Based Distributed Generation in Microgrids,” Energies 14, no. 1: 130, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14010130.

P. K. Ganivada and P. Jena, “Active Slip Frequency Based Islanding Detection Technique for Grid-Tied Inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4615–4626, July 2020, doi: 10.1109/TII.2019.2949009.

Ruchita Nale, Monalisa Biswal, Nand Kishor, “A passive communication-based islanding detection technique for AC microgrids,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107657.

Nouman Shafique, Safdar Raza, Sumayya Bibi, Muhammad Farhan, Mughees Riaz, “A simplified passive islanding detection technique based on susceptible power indices with zero NDZ,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, Volume 13, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.11.006.

Downloads

Published

2024-07-16

How to Cite

Bharti, I. P., Singh, N. K., Gupta, O. H., Singh, A. K., & Sood, V. K. (2024). Superimposed Positive Sequence Impedance for Detecting Unintentional Islanding in Microgrid. Distributed Generation &Amp; Alternative Energy Journal, 39(03), 559–592. https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.3938

Issue

2024: Vol 39 Iss 3

Section

Articles