Inverse Calculation Analysis of Sediment Wear of Francis Turbine Based on Solid-liquid Two-phase Flow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.4032Keywords:
Mixed-flow turbine, sediment wear, CFD, two-phase flowAbstract
A hydropower station is located in the western region of Xinjiang, and the river it is located on has high sediment content, high hardness, and large grain size, leading to serious abrasion of the hydropower station’s turbine. After each flood season, the lower ring and the outlet edge of the turbine blades are seriously worn through, resulting in a shortened maintenance cycle, increased operation and maintenance costs, and a decline in the safety and stability of the turbine operation. The research on the anti-abrasion technology of the hydropower station’s turbine is aimed at establishing a model to estimate the degree of turbine abrasion by sediment. On the one hand, an instrument based on dual-beam infrared scattering light inverse projection imaging technology for monitoring sediment content in the water intake before the turbine, along with a related data management platform, has been installed. This system enables real-time and automatic monitoring of sediment content in the water flowing through the turbine. On the other hand, a two-phase flow numerical simulation based on the Euler-Lagrangian framework is conducted for the entire flow channel to investigate the distribution of wear and the extent of sediment-induced wear on the turbine under varying sediment. This paper focuses on the abrasion characteristics and change of the turbine blades, upper crown clearance, and lower ring clearance at different sediment contents. The results indicate that the wear is primarily concentrated on the lower ring, the blade surfaces adjacent to the lower ring, and the turbine-side region of the lower ring clearance. Additionally, significant wear is observed in the draft tube elbow bottom, the upstream side of the conical pipe, the tongue of the draft tube, the leading edge of the guide vane, and the portion of the seat ring near the draft tube tongue. As the sediment mass flow rate increases, both the extent and the spatial distribution of wear at these locations significantly intensify. The average wear rate on the surface of the turbine blades increases approximately linearly with the sediment mass flow rate. Regarding the wear on the blade surfaces near the lower ring, it is not only associated with the high flow velocity but may also be attributed to the vortex phenomenon induced by flow separation near the blade region.
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