Topology-Aware Fault Diagnosis in Distributed Energy Substations Using Graph-Based Protection Modeling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/dgaej2156-3306.4038Keywords:
Topology-aware protection, graph-based modeling, fault diagnosis, distributed energy resources (DER), distribution substations, dynamic similarity matrix, breadth-first search, SVG visualizationAbstract
With the growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), modern substations face new challenges in fault detection and protection coordination under bidirectional power flow conditions. Traditional relay protection schemes often lack adaptability to rapidly changing topologies and may suffer from misoperations due to the dynamic behavior of inverter-based sources. This paper proposes a topology-aware intelligent fault diagnosis framework for distribution substations integrating DERs. The approach leverages a unified graph-based protection model, combining traditional devices and renewable entry points into a dynamic substation topology graph. By incorporating real-time topology recognition, dynamic similarity matrix analysis, and breadth-first search (BFS)-based fault path tracing, the proposed system enhances fault propagation analysis and misoperation tracking. Furthermore, the system integrates SVG-based visualization tools to provide operators with intuitive fault evolution maps and actionable insights. Experimental validation on a high-DER simulation platform demonstrates improved diagnostic accuracy, reduced protection misoperation, and enhanced fault localization capabilities. The system achieved a 62% reduction in detection time and an 83% decrease in misoperation rate across 150 simulated DER-rich fault cases. This work supports the development of next-generation smart substation diagnostic systems, reinforcing the safe and intelligent operation of distribution-level smart grids and microgrids.
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