Journal of Mobile Multimedia

Factors Affecting Human Resource Development for Industry 5.0 in Thailand

Sirichai Panapongpaisan, Yod Sukamongkol — Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

As Thailand’s manufacturing sector advances toward the human-centric collaborative paradigm of Industry 5.0, identifying the factors that shape organizational preparedness has become a strategic concern. This study investigates how transformational leadership, individual self-efficacy, and collective team effectiveness contribute to Industry 5.0 readiness within the Thai industrial context. A quantitative design was employed, drawing on survey data from 400 manufacturing professionals. The dataset was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapped confidence intervals to assess both direct and mediated effects. The analysis demonstrates that transformational leadership enhances both self-efficacy (β = 0.334, p < 0.001) and team effectiveness (β = 0.285, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy, in turn, strongly improves team outcomes (β = 0.683, p < 0.001). Team effectiveness emerges as the most influential direct predictor of Industry 5.0 readiness (β = 0.757, p < 0.001), while also mediating the influence of leadership and self-efficacy. Collectively, these results confirm that leadership, confidence, and teamwork operate as interdependent drivers of organizational transformation. Theoretically, this research advances understanding of human resource development for Industry 5.0 by clarifying the mechanisms linking leadership, individual capability, and team performance. The findings extend social cognitive theory by validating collective efficacy as a critical mediating mechanism in Industry 5.0 preparedness. Practically, results recommend that human resource managers prioritize high performing team models, while Government agencies should operationalize policy around a human capital preparation index to guide upskilling initiatives.

Development of an Island Recycle Waste Management System Using the LINE OA Platform to Enhance the Efficiency of Waste and Recyclable Material Management Reporting on Islands for Sustainable Practices

Kemachart Kemavuthanon, Samatthachai Yamsa-ard, Panate Manomaivibool, Yu Liu — Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This research focuses on the development of an island recycle waste management system to address challenges in managing waste transportation and recycling data on islands in Thailand. The system was designed to support digital data recording, including waste types and quantities, transportation costs, and the real-time uploading of verification evidence to a centralized database. The study applies a mixed-methods approach that integrates a TAM-based quantitative analysis with a qualitative user.

The study applied the technology acceptance model (TAM) to analyze user satisfaction regarding perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Data collected from participating shops on target islands were analyzed to evaluate system acceptance, which was found to be moderate to high.

The system shows indications of reducing errors; however, objective error-rate comparisons were not collected and are now acknowledged as a limitation. The system streamlined processes and enhanced data management efficiency, although some users encountered issues such as menu complexity and unfamiliarity with technology.

Proposed enhancements include adding features tailored to elderly shop owners, integrating image processing technology to support document scanning, developing multimedia user guides, and organizing hands-on training sessions as part of the intervention rather than recommendations alone.

This study aims to promote sustainable waste management on islands and to refine the system to better suit diverse user contexts. It also serves as a prototype for future system development.

Gamified Mobile Edutainment for Cultural Heritage Learning: A Design-based Research Study of Tai Ethnic Cultures in Lanna

Manissaward Jintapitak — Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The transmission of cultural heritage to younger generations has become increasingly challenging in the context of mobile-centric digital media consumption. Although gamified edutainment applications are widely used to support informal learning, many studies still emphasize design description more than systematic examination of learning mechanisms and research rigor. This study investigates how a mobile gamified edutainment application can support cultural heritage learning through a design-based research (DBR) approach. Using Tai ethnic cultures in the Lanna region as an empirical case, the research examines how character-based interaction, gamification mechanics, and cultural validation processes mediate learner engagement and knowledge acquisition. Iterative design cycles were conducted with cultural experts, educators, and primary school learners. Data were collected through formative pre- and post-learning indicators, usability observations, and expert validation, emphasizing exploratory rather than inferential evaluation. The findings show that interaction-driven customization tasks contributed more strongly to cultural knowledge recall than reward-based mechanics, while expert validation was essential for preserving cultural integrity within simplified visual representations. Beyond the specific case, the study proposes a transferable framework for mobile edutainment that balances cultural authenticity, learner engagement, and methodological transparency. Limitations related to sample scope and short-term evaluation are acknowledged, and directions are outlined for scalability testing and longitudinal assessment in future research.

AIoT Smart Eyewear with Real-time Object and Audio Recognition for Visually Impaired Users

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The goal of the proposed smart eyewear tool is to assist visually impaired (VI) or blind individuals by providing object detection and real-time audio descriptions of their surrounding environment. This will help these users in navigating their surroundings safely and independently. This is achieved through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into a compact, wearable system. The proposed work presents a real-time, artificial intelligence of things (AIoT) based assistive system designed by using an ESP32-CAM module for real-time object detection, integrated with a TF-Luna LiDAR sensor for distance measurement, and a Bluetooth-enabled neckband for audio feedback. The system uses YOLO for object detection and Roboflow for dataset preparation and training. It also includes features such as night-time navigation and an emergency alert for enhanced safety. Experimental results showed high performance in various lighting conditions, with object detection accuracy of 94.93%, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.34 cm, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.44 cm in distance estimation. The SOS alert system responded with 100% accuracy in emergency situations.

Towards Byzantine Fault-resistance in Workflows: Challenges and Directions

Sofia Vaz, Vitor A. Cunha, Rui L. Aguiar — Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

As distributed workflows increase in complexity, they become more vulnerable to Byzantine faults, wherein components may demonstrate adversarial behavior. Addressing such faults is critical for ensuring system reliability, especially in fields such as MLOps, Blockchain, and quantum computing. Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) encompasses concepts wherein systems can continue to operate correctly in the presence of faulty nodes. This paper explores core concepts in Byzantine fault-tolerant systems and discusses their relevance to modern distributed environments, such as serverless approaches applied to scientific workloads, IoT, and APIs that may power 6G and the compute continuum. Several defensive strategies and aggregation techniques are analyzed to underscore their role in alleviating the impact of Byzantine faults. Ultimately, this study highlights the continued significance of Byzantine fault tolerance in safeguarding distributed systems’ resilience, security, and functionality for a new era facing increasing threats.

A Subscriber Identity Module for the IMT-2030 System

Geir M. Køien — Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0100

In this paper we argue that the upcoming 6G mobile system should have a new subscriber identity module (SIM). The SIM application used today, the USIM, is functionally the same as the 3G SIM (which dates back to 1999). The SIM holds the subscriber security credentials and algorithms,and these are used during the authentication and key agreement (AKA) procedures. That makes the 4G EPS-AKA and the 5G-AKA protocols, in important ways, restricted by the USIM functionality. This situation should be rectified, and our proposal is for a new 6G-SIM application and a new 6G baseline AKA (6G-BAKA) protocol.