Case Study on PV Integrated Grid Independent Electric Bus

Authors

  • Nihal Vishnu Vantagodi IEEE member and Erasmus Mundus student pursuing MSc in Sustainable Transportation and Electrical Power Systems (EMJMD STEPS) 2019–2021 at University of Oviedo, Spain
  • Anand Raghavendra Rao

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/spee1048-4236.39149

Keywords:

Electric vehicle, battery, solar energy, energy efficiency, system integration, power density, PV arrays.

Abstract

In this paper, it has been theoretically and conceptually examined the techni-
cal, design, and economic viability of using Photovoltaic (PV) technology
in combination with battery operated Electric vehicle (EV) in Public Bus
sector in India, where solar energy is readily available. The study is further
analyzed to propose the utilization and economics of “PV integrated EV”
technology along with solar and battery integrated solution. The available
battery chemistries are studied, and the best suited solution based on parame-
ters such as cost, weight NMC battery is chosen. Finally, the number of solar
panel and battery requirement is calculated based on the power consumption
of the vehicle and concluded.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nihal Vishnu Vantagodi, IEEE member and Erasmus Mundus student pursuing MSc in Sustainable Transportation and Electrical Power Systems (EMJMD STEPS) 2019–2021 at University of Oviedo, Spain

Nihal Vishnu Vantagodi is a student IEEE member and Erasmus Mundus
student pursuing MSc in Sustainable Transportation and Electrical Power
Systems (EMJMD STEPS) 2019–2021 at University of Oviedo, Spain.
He has completed his bachelor’s degree in Electrical and Electronics Engi-
neering from PES Institute of Technology, Bangalore in 2017. He has 2
years of professional experience as an Electrical Engineer at Otis Elevators,
Bangalore working on Low Power Drives, PMSM motor and testing of
elevator system. His current field of studies are Motor Control for traction
application, Electric Drives and EV design.

Anand Raghavendra Rao

Anand Raghavendra Rao has received his PhD in Electrical Engineering,
post graduated in Electronics and graduated in Electrical and Electronics.
Started career in 1992 and is currently with research and development at Otis
elevator company, experience includes acting as a technical analyst on new
products and research on the latest technology in the industry. He is in the
approval board for design review committee, has been certified in various

rograms for energy auditing, new era of elevators with latest technology of

PM Machine technology with regenerative inverters. He has 28+ years of
diversified experience in vertical transportation with research interest on PM
motors, drives, energy auditing, energy management and system integration.
His specialized areas include new product development, systems technical
analysis and process standardization.
He has played very key role for different standards of the code require-
ments for the latest Japanese technology in vertical transportation. He has
more than two years of international experience at Ireland, China and Singa-
pore. He is an IEEE Senior member and won many accolades and awards as
a technical expert in the field of vertical transportation

References

Jain, P. C. (1993), Greenhouse effect and climate change: Scientific basis

and overview, Renew. Energy, 3(4–5), 403– 420, doi:10.1016/0960-

(93)90108-S.

Syukuro Manabe (2019) Role of greenhouse gas in climate change,

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 71:1, DOI:

1080/16000870.2019.1620078

N. V. Vantagodi and A. R. Rao

Range of electric vehicles, EnergySage, 7/8/2019 https://www.energysa

ge.com/electric-vehicles/buyers-guide/range-of-distance-for-top-evs/

B. Zhang, C. C. Mi and M. Zhang, “Charge-Depleting Control Strate-

gies and Fuel Optimization of Blended-Mode Plug-In Hybrid Electric

Vehicles,” in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 4,

pp. 1516–1525, May 2011, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2011.2122313.

S. A. Singh and S. S. Williamson, “Comprehensive review of

PV/EV/grid integration power electronic converter topologies for

DC charging applications,” 2014 IEEE Transportation Electrification

Conference and Expo (ITEC), Dearborn, MI, 2014, pp. 1–5, doi:

1109/ITEC.2014.6861766.

Su, Q.; Zhang, G.; Lai, J.; Feng, S.; Shi, W. Green Solar Electric Vehicle

Changing the Future Lifestyle of Human. World Electr. Veh. J. 2010, 4,

–132.

C. Kanumilli, A. Singh, A. Ganesh and M. Srinivas, “Plug in electric

solar vehicle,” 2016 Biennial International Conference on Power and

Energy Systems: Towards Sustainable Energy (PESTSE), Bangalore,

, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/PESTSE.2016.7516528.

Adheesh, Vasisht, S.M., & Ramasesha, S.K. (2016). Air-pollution and

economics: diesel bus versus electric bus. Current Science, 110, 858–

Dholakia, Hem H. et al. “Short term association between ambient air

pollution and mortality and modification by temperature in five Indian

cities.” Atmospheric Environment 99 (2014): 168–174.

BP Inc., “BP Statistical Review of World Energy”, June 2015.

T.V. Ramachandra, Rishabh Jain, Gautham Krishnadas, “Hotspots of

solar potential in India”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,

Volume 15, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 3178–3186, ISSN 1364-0321, https:

//doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.007.

Jendoubi, A.; Bella, C.B.; Nsibi, W.; Bacha, F. The Impact of Climate

Condition on the Optimal Operation of Direct Coupled Photovoltaic

Solar-Vehicle Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 1821.

J. Traube et al., “Mitigation of Solar Irradiance Intermittency in Pho-

tovoltaic Power Systems With Integrated Electric-Vehicle Charging

Functionality,” in IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28,

no. 6, pp. 3058–3067, June 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2217354.

C. R. Sullivan and M. J. Powers, “A high-efficiency maximum

power point tracker for photovoltaic arrays in a solar-powered race

Case Study on PV Integrated Grid Independent Electric Bus 195

vehicle,” Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Con-

ference – PESC ’93, Seattle, WA, USA, 1993, pp. 574–580, doi:

1109/PESC.1993.471984.

Pavlovic, A.; Sintoni, D.; Fragassa, C.; Minak, G. Multi-Objective

Design Optimization of the Reinforced Composite Roof in a Solar

Vehicle. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2665.

Doughty, Dan; Roth, E. Peter. “A General Discussion of Li Ion Battery

Safety” (PDF). The Electrochemical Society Interface (Summer 2012).

Retrieved 2016-02-27.

“Rechargeable Batteries—compared and explained in detail”. Retrieved

-02-28.

S. N. Islam, S. Saha, M. E. Haque and M. A. Mahmud, “Compara-

tive Analysis of Commonly used Batteries for Residential Solar PV

Applications,” 2019 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engi-

neering Conference (APPEEC), Macao, Macao, 2019, pp. 1–5, doi:

1109/APPEEC45492.2019.8994441.

F. H. Gandoman et al., “Reliability Assessment of NMC Li-Ion Bat-

tery for Electric Vehicles Application,” 2019 IEEE Vehicle Power and

Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2019, pp. 1–6, doi:

1109/VPPC46532.2019.8952180.

“Lithium-Ion Battery Market Analysis By Product (Lithium Cobalt

Oxide, Lithium Iron Phosphate, NCA, LMO, LTO, Lithium Nickel

Manganese Cobalt (NMC)), By Application, And Segment Forecasts,

–2025”, Lithium Ion Battery Market Size & Share, Industry Report,

–2025, Aug. 2017.

M. Brand et al., “Electrical safety of commercial Li-ion cells based on

NMC and NCA technology compared to LFP technology,” 2013 World

Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS27), Barcelona, 2013,

pp. 1–9, doi: 10.1109/EVS.2013.6914893.

Berckmans, G.; Messagie, M.; Smekens, J.; Omar, N.; Vanhaverbeke,

L.; Van Mierlo, J. Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion

Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030. Energies 2017, 10, 1314.

E. Martinez-Laserna et al., “Technical Viability of Battery Second Life:

A Study From the Ageing Perspective,” in IEEE Transactions on Indus-

try Applications, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 2703–2713, May–June 2018, doi:

1109/TIA.2018.2801262

Downloads

Published

2023-01-17

How to Cite

Vantagodi, N. V. ., & Rao, A. R. . (2023). Case Study on PV Integrated Grid Independent Electric Bus . Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 39(3-4), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.13052/spee1048-4236.39149

Issue

Section

Articles