The Use of New Technologies in the Primary Production Sector

Authors

  • Petridis Dimitris Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
  • Mitoula Roido Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
  • Kalantonis Petros University of West Attica, Greece
  • Astara Olga-Eleni Ionian University, Greece

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/spee1048-5236.4444

Keywords:

new technologies, primary sector, sustainable development, climate change, smart agriculture, productivity, resilience, traditional products, local development, environmental footprint, small-scale farmers, education, infrastructure, data security, Internet of Things (IoT)

Abstract

Purpose – This study explores the use of new technologies in the primary production sector as a tool for addressing climate change challenges and enhancing sustainable development. It focuses on the contribution of technologies such as smart agriculture, the Internet of Things (IoT), and automation in improving productivity, crop resilience, and reducing the environmental footprint. At the same time, it examines the challenges associated with technological transition, with particular emphasis on small-scale farmers’ access, data security, and the required investments and strategies.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The research is based on theoretical analysis and an empirical case study in Greece, focusing on the production of traditional products in Western Macedonia. It includes both qualitative and quantitative methods, data collection from farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs, as well as statistical analysis to evaluate the factors influencing the adoption of new technologies in the primary sector.

Findings – The results highlight the significant contribution of new technologies in improving the efficiency of agricultural holdings and reducing the environmental impact. However, challenges related to limited access to technological solutions, the need for specialized training for farmers, and data management issues are identified. Small-scale farmers face greater difficulties in integrating these technologies due to financial and organizational constraints.
Originality – This research contributes to understanding the potential and limitations of new technologies in the Greek primary sector, focusing on a region with strong agricultural activity and traditional product production. It provides empirical data on the application of smart farming practices and proposes policy recommendations for sustainable development and technological integration in the agricultural sector. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Petridis Dimitris, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece

Petridis Dimitrios In June 2018, I earned a Bachelor’s degree in Military Science and Operations from the Hellenic Army Academy. Additionally, I have pursued studies in the following fields: BBA in Business Administration (June 2022). MBA in Business Administration (Management Information Systems (January 2022). Since November 2022, I have been a PhD can- didate at Harokopio University of Athens in Management and Sustainable Development – Conducting research on sustainable business practices and their impact on long-term organizational success. I serve in the armed forces and have been working as an artillery officer since 2018. I am also fluent in English (holder of a C2 Certificate) and conversational in German (holder of a B2 Certificate).

Mitoula Roido, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece

Mitoula Roido is Professor at Harokopio University of Athens. She holds a BA in “Political Sciences and Public Administration” from National Kapodistriako University of Athens, an MA in “Architecture of Space” and a Ph.D in “Urban Planning and Spatial Design” from N.T.U.A. She has sci- entific publications and has participated in numerous Greek and international Conferences. She is researcher in the Laboratory of Applied Economics and Sustainable Development of Harokopio University and she co-operated with the Laboratory of Urban Design of N.T.U.A. She specialises in issues of “Sustainable Development”.
She was Head of the Department of Home Economics and Ecology from November 2015 to November 2017. She is a member of Scientific Commit- tees and reviewer in scientific journals and Conferences. She has organized Scientific Seminars, Scientific Conferences and Scientific Meetings on Urban Environment and Regional Development. She is the national representative of Greece in European Union programs related to Sustainable Development.

Kalantonis Petros, University of West Attica, Greece

Kalantonis Petros is a Professor of Financial Accounting at the Department of Tourism Management of the University of West Attica and Vice-Rector for Research, Innovation, and Lifelong Learning at the University. Addi- tionally, he is the director of the Interinstitutional Postgraduate Program “Business Operations Management” of the University of West Attica and the Technical University of Crete and a Member of the Academic Staff in the Accounting Thematic Unit of the Business Administration program at the Hellenic Open University. He is a graduate of the Department of Business Organization & Administration (1995) of the University of Piraeus, he holds a Master’s Degreefrom the Department of Statistics, Athens Uni- versity of Economics and Business (2002), and a PhD from the Department of Production and Management Engineering of the Technical University of Crete (2011). He has an extensive body of written and teaching work, while his research interests focus on financial accounting – relevance of accounting information, the economic crisis and accounting information, innovative investments – entrepreneurship and accounting information, and the evolution of accounting.

Astara Olga-Eleni, Ionian University, Greece

Astara Olga-Eleni holds a Bachelor degree in “Political Sciences and History” from Panteion University, a Master’s Degree on Sustainable Devel- opment with specialization in Local Development and a PhD in Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development and Business Efficiency both from Harokopeion University. She is a faculty member at the rank of Asso- ciate Professor at the Department of Regional Development, at School of Economics of Ionian University. Her research interests focus on Sustainable Development, Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Tourism and the contribution of business to sustainable development.
Dr. Olga-Eleni Astara has participated in various research projects in the fields of sustainable development, regional development and consumer behaviour as well as others related to environmental information and urban identity. She served as scientific officer in an Erasmus project. She is a member of Scientific Committees and reviewer in scientific journals and Conferences and she is an author and co-author of books and scientific articles, regarding sustainable development, Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Tourism.

References

Aqeel-ur-Rehman, and Shaikh, Z. A. (2009), Smart Agriculture, Applications of Modern High Performance Networks. Στo: J. A. Zubairi (Ed.), Application of Modern High Performance Networks (σελ. 120–129). UAE: Bentham Science Publishers.

Agbenyo, W., Jiang, Y., Jia, X., Wang, J., Ntim-Amo, G., Dunya, R., Siaw, A., Asare, I., and Twumasi, M. A. (2022). Does the Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices Impact Farmers’ Income? Evidence from Ghana. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(7), 3804. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073804.

Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (2015). Smart Farming and Food Safety Internet of Things Applications – Challenges for Large Scale Implementations. Retrieved from: https://aioti.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/AIOTIWG06Report2015-Farming-and-Food-Safety.pdf.

Alreshidi, E. (2019). Smart Sustainable Agriculture (SSA) Solution Underpinned by Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 10(5), 93–102.

Australian Council of Learned Academies (2020). The future of agricultural technologies. Melbourne Victoria: Australian Council of Learned Academies.

Bacco, M., Barsocchi, P., Ferro, E., Gotta, A., and Ruggeri, M. (2019). The Digitisation of Agriculture: A Survey of Research Activities on Smart Farming. Array, 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2019.100009.

Bach, H., and Mauser, W. (2018), Sustainable Agriculture and Smart Farming. Στ

o: P-P. Mathieu and C. Aubrecht (Eds.), Earth Observation Open Science and Innovation (σελ

. 261–269). Cham: Springer.

Balafoutis, A. T., Beck, B., Fountas, S., Tsiropoulos, Z., Vangeyte, J., van der Wal, T., Soto-Embodas, I., Gómez-Barbero, M., and Pedersen, S.M. (2017). Smart Farming Technologies – Description, Taxonomy and Economic Impact. Στ

o: S. M. Pedersen and K. M. Lind (Eds.), Precision Agriculture: Technology and Economic Perspectives (σελ

. 21–77). New York: Springer.

Banhazi, T. M., Lehr, H., Black, J. L., Crabtree, H., Schofield, P., Tscharke, M., and Berckmans, D. (2012). Precision Livestock Farming: An international review of scientific and commercial aspects. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 5(3), 1–9.

Bardsley, A., Coates, B., Goldson, S., Gluckman, P., and Kaiser, M. (2020). The Future Of Food & The Primary Sector: The Journey To Sustainability. Retrieved from: https://informedfutures.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Future-of-Food-The-Primary-Sector.pdf.

Berckmans, D. (2014). Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 33(1), 189–196. DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2273.

Berckmans, D., and Guarino, M. (2017). Precision livestock farming for the global livestock sector. Animal Frontiers, 7(1). DOI: 10.2527/af.2017.0101.

Bottazzi, P., Seck, S. M., Niang, M., and Moser, S. (2023). Beyond motivations: A framework unraveling the systemic barriers to organic farming adoption in northern Senegal. Journal of Rural Studies, 104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103158.

Boza, S., and Muñoz, J. (2016). Traditional food products and trade: exploring the linkages. Retrieved from: https://www.wti.org/media/filer_public/56/42/5642f8a5-b292-45a2-b683-0acbc7e6b22b/working_paper_no_17_2016_boza_and_munoz.pdf.

Bryden, J., Gezelius, S. S., Refsgaard, K., and Sutz, J. (2017). Inclusive innovation in the bioeconomy: Concepts and directions for research. Innovation and Development, 7(1), 1–16.

Carozzi, M., Martin, R., Klumpp, K., and Massad, R. S. (2021). Effects of climate change in the European croplands and grasslands: productivity, GHG balance and soil carbon storage. Biogeosciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-241.

Charles, K., Sondang P., Paulus, U., Lika, B., and Ernantje, H. (2023). Factors associated with the development of organic agriculture in Kupang District, Indonesia. RJOAS: Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 4(136), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2023-04.08.

Chuang, J. H., Wang, J. H., and Liou, Y. C. (2020). Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Adoption of Smart Agriculture Technology in Taiwan. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 7236. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197236.

Constantin, J., Raynal, H., Casellas, E., Hoffmann, H., Bindi, M., Doro, L., Eckersten, H., Gaiser, T., Grosz, B., Haas, E., Kersebaum, K.-C., Klatt, S., Kuhnert, M., Lewan, E., Maharjan, G.R., Moriondo, M., Nendel, C., Roggero, P.P., Specka, X., Trombi, G., Villa, A., Wang, E., Weihermüller, L., Yeluripati, J., Zhao, Z., Ewert, F., and Bergez, J.-E. (2019). Management and spatial resolution effects on yield and water balance at regional scale in crop models. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 275, 184–195.

Devendra, C. (2012). Climate Change Threats and Effects: Challenges for Agriculture and Food Security. Malaysia: Akademi Sains Malaysia.

Doanh, N. K., Quynh, N. N., and Pham, T. T. L. (2022). Going organic or staying traditionalistic? The role of agriculture information system. International Journal of Social Economics, 49(10), 1458–1478. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2021-0720.

Dryancour, G. (2017). Smart Agriculture for All Farms. Retrieved from: https://www.cema-agri.org/images/publications/position-papers/CEMA-smart-agriculture-for-all-farms_December-2017_.pdf.

Du Pisani, J. A. (2006). Sustainable development – historical roots of the concept. Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 83–96.

Elkington, J. (2006). Governance for Sustainability. Corporate Governance, 14(6), 522–529.

Ehrhardt, F., Soussana, J.-F., Bellocchi, G., Grace, P., McAuliffe, R., Recous, S., Sándor, R., Smith, P., Snow, de Antoni Migliorati, Basso, B., Bhatia, A., Brilli, L., Doltra, J., Dorich, C. D., Doro, L., Fitton, N., Giacomini, S. J., Grant, B., Harrison, M. T., Jones, S. K., Kirschbaum, M. U. F., Klumpp, K., Laville, P., Léonard, J., Liebig, M., Lieffering, Martin, R., Massad, R. S., Meier, E., Merbold, L., Moore, Myrgiotis, Newton, Pattey, Rolinski, S., Sharp, J., Smith, Wu, L., and Zhang, Q. (2018). Assessing uncertainties in crop and pasture ensemble model simulations of productivity and N2O emissions. Global Change Biology, 24(2), e603–e616.

Estes, J. (2009). Smart Green: How to Implement Sustainable Business Practices in Any Industry-And Make Money. New Jersey: Wiley.

European Commission (2018). A sustainable Bioeconomy for Europe: strengthening the connection between economy, society and the environment. Updated Bioeconomy Strategy. Retrieved from: https://ec.europa.eu/research/bioeconomy/pdf/ec_bioeconomy_strategy_2018.pdf.

European Environment Agency (2021). Agriculture and climate change. Retrieved from: https://www.eea.europa.eu/signals/signals-2015/articles/agriculture-and-climate-change.

European Union (2014). Precision agriculture: An opportunity for EU farmers – potential support with the CAP 2014-2020. Retrieved from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2014/529049/IPOL-AGRI_NT%282014%29529049_EN.pdf.

FAO (2023). Primary production – Section 2. FAO Good Hygiene Practices (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Toolbox for Food Safety. Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/3/cc6227en/cc6227en.pdf.

FAO (2023α

). Agricultural sub-sectors. Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/rural-employment/agricultural-sub-sectors/en/.

FAO (2015). Climate change and food security: risks and responses. Retrieved from: https://www.fao.org/3/i5188e/I5188E.pdf.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2020). Knowledge on Climate Smart Agriculuture. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4226e.pdf.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2018). Climate-Smart Agriculture. Case studies 2018. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/policy-support/tools-and-publications/resources-details/en/c/1177071/.

Gamage, A., Gangahagedara, R., Gamage, J., Jayasinghe, N., Kodikara, N., Suraweera, P., and Merah, O. (2023). Role of organic farming for achieving sustainability in agriculture. Farming System, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.farsys.2023.100005.

Gautam, H. R., and Kumar, R. (2014). Agricultural Development-the road ahead. Kurukshetra, June, 3–6.

Gebresenbet, G., Bosona, T., Patterson, D., Persson, H., Fischer, B., Mandaluniz, N., Chirici, G., Zacepins, A., Komasilovs, V., Pitulac, T., and Nasirahmadi, A. (2023). A concept for application of integrated digital technologies to enhance future smart agricultural systems. Smart Agricultural Technology, 5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2023.100255.

GHD & AgThentic (2018). Consumer perceptions around emerging Agtech. Retrieved from: https://agrifutures.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/18-048.pdf.

Goedde L., Katz, J., Menard, A., and Revellat, J. (2020). Agriculture’s connected future: How technology can yield new growth. Retrieved from: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Agriculture/Our%20Insights/Agricultures%20connected%20future%20How%20technology%20can%20yield%20new%20growth/Agricultures-connected-future-How-technology-can-yield-new-growth-F.pdf.

Gupta, J., Pouw, N. R. M., and Ros-Tonen, M. A. F. (2015). Towards an elaborated theory of inclusive development. European Journal of Development Research, 27(4), 541–559.

Hanus, G. (2018). Traditional Or Modern? Preferences Of Young Consumers In The Food Market- Literature And Researches Review. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2(1), 90–98.

Herath, C. S., and Wijekoon, R. (2013). Study on attitudes and perceptions of organic and non-organic coconut growers towards organic coconut farming. Idesia, 31(2), 5–14.

ILO (2020). Sector Skills Strategy. Agriculture Sector. Retrieved from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_754214.pdf.

Imran, M. A., Ali, A., Culas, R. J., Ashfaq, M., Baig, I. A., Nasir, S., and Hashmi, A. H. (2022). Sustainability and efficiency analysis w.r.t adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Pakistan: a group-wise comparison of adopters and conventional farmers. Environmental science and pollution research international, 29(13), 19337–19351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17181-3.

Jamil, I., Jun, W., Mughal, B., Raza, M. H., Imran, M. A., and Waheed, A. (2021). Does the adaptation of climate-smart agricultural practices increase farmers’ resilience to climate change?. Environmental science and pollution research international, 28(21), 27238–27249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12425-8.

Jensen, H. G., Jacobsen, L.-B., Pedersen, S. M., and Tavella, E. (2012). Socioeconomic impact of widespread adoption of precision farming and controlled traffic systems in Denmark. Precision Agriculture, 13, 661–677.

Joshi, P. K., and Varshney, D. (2022). Agricultural Technologies in India: A Review. Retrieved from: https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/tender/1507223612Paper-5-Agricultural-Tech-in-India-Dr.Joshi-&-Varshney.pdf.

Jürkenbeck, K., and Spiller, A. (2023). Consumers’ Evaluation of Stockfree-Organic Agriculture-A Segmentation Approach. Sustainability, 12(10), 4230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104230.

Kalyani, V. (2021). Perception of Farmers Towards Organic Farming: A Glace of Agricultural Perspective. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3879917.

Keune, M. (2001). Regions, Regional Institutions and Regional Development. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

Kidane, T. T., and Zwane, E. F. (2022). Smallholder farmers’ attitude towards organic farming and factors influencing their attitude: The case of Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 10(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.01.3746.

Kühne, B., Vanhonacker, F., Gellynck, X., and Verbeke, W. (2010). Innovation in traditional food products in Europe: Do sector innovation activities match consumers’ acceptance?. Food Quality and Preference, 21, 629–638.

Kumar, P. (2014). Technologies to boost agriculture production. Kurukshetra, June, 16–18.

Kumar, A., Yadav, D., Gupta, P., Gupta, V., Ranjan, S., and Badhai, S. (2020). Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344064949_Effects_of_Climate_Change_on_Agriculture.

Kumari, S. (2014). New ways of improving agriculture. Kurukshetra, June, 7–10.

Lee, M., Yun, J.J., Pyka, A., … and Zhao, X. (2018). How to Respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the Second Information Technology Revolution?. Dynamic New Combinations between Technology, Market, and Society through Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(21), doi: 10.3390/joitmc4030021.

Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Pongratz, J., and Manning, A. C. (2018). Global carbon budget 2017. Earth System Science Data, 10, 405–448.

Li, J., Liu, G., Chen, Y., and Li, R. (2023). Study on the influence mechanism of adoption of smart agriculture technology behavior. Scientific reports, 13(1), 8554. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35091-x.

Lieder, S., and Schröter-Schlaack, C. (2021). Smart Farming Technologies in Arable Farming: Towards a Holistic Assessment of Opportunities and Risks. Sustainability, 13(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126783.

Lugato E., Paniagua L., Jones A., de Vries W., and Leip A. (2017). Complementing the topsoil information of the Land Use/Land Cover Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) with modelled N2O emissions. PLoS ONE, 12(4). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176111.

Lynch, J., Cain, M., Frame, D., and Pierrehumbert, R. (2021). Agriculture’s Contribution to Climate Change and Role in Mitigation Is Distinct From Predominantly Fossil CO2-Emitting Sectors. Frontiers in Sustainable Food System, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.518039.

Malkanthi, S. H. P. (2020). Farmers’ attitude towards organic agriculture: a case of rural Sri Lanka. Contemporary Agriculture, 69(1–2), 12–19. doi: 10.2478/contagri-2020-0003.

Manda, M. I., and Dhaou, S. B. (2019). Responding to the challenges and opportunities in the 4th Industrial revolution in developing countries. ICEGOV2019, April 3–5, 2019, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 244–253.

Manyica, J., Chui, M., Brown, B., Bughin, J., Dobbs, R., Roxburgh, C., and Hung Byers, A. (2011). Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. Retrieved from: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/big-data-the-next-frontier-for-innovation.

Meral, H., and Millan, E. (2023). Factors Influencing Conventional Hazelnut Farmers to Transition to Organic Production: The Case of Türkiye. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 65, 1583–1594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-00922-8.

Moneva, J. M., Archel, P., and Correa, C. (2006). GRI and the camouflaging of corporate unsustainability. Accounting Forum, 30, 121–137.

Morota, G., Ventura, R. V. Silva, F. F., Koyama, M., and Fernando, S. C. (2018). Big Data Analytics And Precision Animal Agriculture Symposium: Machine learning and data mining advance predictive big data analysis in precision animal agriculture. Faculty Papers and Publications in Animal Science. 1002. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/animalscifacpub/1002.

Muhie, S. H. (2022). Novel approaches and practices to sustainable agriculture. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100446.

Munasinghe, M. (2007). Sustainable Development Triangle. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295539679_Sustainable_Development_Triangle.

NASA (2014). What Is Climate Change?. Retrieved from: https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-climate-change-k4.html.

Neethirajan, S. (2023). The Significance and Ethics of Digital Livestock Farming. AgriEngineering, 5, 488–505. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5010032.

Nelson, G. C., Rosegrant M. W., Koo, J., Robertson R. D., and Sulser, T. (2009). Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Niedziółka, I. (2012). Sustainable tourism development. Regional Formation and Development Studies, 3(8), 157–166.

Nor Diana, M. I., Zulkepli, N. A., Ern, L. K., and Zainol, M. R. (2024). Factors affecting behavioral intentions of farmers in Southeast Asia to technology adoption: A systematic review analysis. Journal of environmental management, 367, 122045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122045.

OECD (2009). The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda. Main Findings and Policy Conclusions. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/futures/long-termtechnologicalsocietalchallenges/thebioeconomyto2030designingapolicyagenda.htm.

Park, H., and Grundmann, P. (2023). What does an inclusive bioeconomy mean for primary producers? An analysis of European bioeconomy strategies. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 25(3), 225–241.

Parkinson, M., Meegan, R., Karecha, J., Evans, R., Jones, G., Tosics, I., and Hall, P. (2012). Second Tier Cities in Europe: In an age of austerity why invest beyond the capitals. Liverpool: ESPON & Institute of Urban Affairs, Liverpool John Moores University.

Paudel, D., Wang, L., Poudel, R., Acharya, J. P., Victores, S., de Souza, C. H. L., Rios, E., and Wang, J. (2023). Elucidating the effects of organic vs. conventional cropping practice and rhizobia inoculation on rhizosphere microbial diversity and yield of peanut. Environmental Microbiome, 18, 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-023-00517-6.

Pike, A., Rodríguez-Pose, A., and Tomaney, J. (2016). Local and Regional Development. London: Routledge.

Rocillo-Aquino, Z., Cervantes-Escoto, F., Leos-Rodríguez, J. A., Cruz-Delgado, D., and Espinoza-Ortega, A. (2021). What is a traditional food? Conceptual evolution from four dimensions. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 8, https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-021-00113-4.

Rowe, J. B., van der Werf, J., and Pethick D. W. (2020). Keys to innovation in animal science: genomics, big data and collaboration. Animal Production Science, 61(3), 215–219.

Sachs, I. (2004). Inclusive development strategy in an era of globalization. Retrieved from: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=98cc817acae15bb18ebb6b2a612a28c699f40a11.

Saiz-Rubio, V., and Rovira-Más, F. (2020). From Smart Farming towards Agriculture 5.0: A Review on Crop Data Management. Agronomy, 10, doi: 10.3390/agronomy10020207.

Sándor R., Ehrhardt F., Brilli L., Carozzi M., Recous S., Smith P., Snow V., Soussana J.-F., Dorich C.D., Fuchs K., Fitton N., Gongadze K., Klumpp K., Liebig M., Martin R., Merbold L., Newton P.C.D., Rees R.M., Rolinski S., and Bellocchi G. (2018). The use of biogeochemical models to evaluate mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from managed grasslands. Science of The Total Environment, 642, 292–306.

Scott, A., and Storper, M. (2003). Regions, Globalization, Development. Regional Studies, 37(6–7), 579–593.

Shepherd, M., Turner, J. A., Small, B., and Wheeler, D. (2020). Priorities for science to overcome hurdles thwarting the full promise of the ’digital agriculture’ revolution. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 100(14), 5083–5092.

Smith P. (2012). Agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation potential globally, in Europe and in the UK: what have we learnt in the last 20 years?. Global Change Biology, 18, 35–43.

Sullivan, S., Mccann, E., De-Young, R., and Erickson, D. (1996). Farmers’ attitudes about farming and the environment: A survey of conventional and organic farmers. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 9(2), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03055298.

Sulser, T., Wiebe, K. D., Dunston, S., Cenacchi, N., Nin-Pratt, A. Mason-D’Croz, D., Robertson, R. D., Willenbockel, D., and Rosegrant, M. W. (2021). Climate change and hunger: Estimating costs of adaptation in the agrifood system. Food policy report June 2021. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.

Sustainable Development Commission (n.d.). History of SD. Retrieved from: https://www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/history_sd.html.

Szajnowska-Wysocka, A. (2009). Theories Of Regional And Local Development – Abridged Review. Bulletin Of Geography, Socio-economic Series, 12, 75–90.

The Climate Reality Project (2019). Why do we call it the climate crisis?. Retrieved from: https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/why-do-we-call-it-climate-crisis.

The World Bank (2021). Climate-smart agriculture. Retrieved from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climate-smart-agriculture.

Tomaney, J., Pike, A., and Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2010). Local and Regional Development in Times of Crisis. Environment and Planning A, 42(4), 771–779.

Tumbure, A., Dera, J., Kunjeku, T. C., and Nyamangara, J. (2022). Contextualising smallholder organic agriculture in Zimbabwe and other sub-Saharan African countries: a review of challenges and opportunities. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B – Soil & Plant Science, 72(1), 1020–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2142657.

Tzounis, A., Katsoulas, N., Bartzanas, T., and Kittas, C. (2017), Internet of Things in agriculture, recent advances and future challenges. Biosystem Engineering, 164, 31–48.

Uma, K., and Rechanna (2018). A study on perception of organic farmers towards organic farming in Mandya District. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(6), 113–124.

United Nations (2022). Sustainability. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/sustainability.

United Nations (2022α

). The Climate Crisis – A Race We Can Win. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/en/un75/climate-crisis-race-we-can-win.

Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M., and Ingram, J. S. I. (2012). Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 37, 195–222.

Victoria State Government (2022). Primary Production Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan 2022–2026. Retrieved from: https://agriculture.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/838246/Primary-Production-Climate-Change-Adaptation-Action-Plan-2022-2026.pdf.

Voglmeier, K., Six, J., Jocher, M., and Ammann, C. (2019). Grazing-related nitrous oxide emissions: From patch scale to field scale. Biogeosciences, 16(8), 1685–1703.

Wang, P.-C., Liu, F.-C., Lee, D.-C., and Lin, M.-Y. (2023). Environmental Knowledge, Values, and Responsibilities Help to Enhance Organic Farming Intentions: A Case Study of Yunlin County, Taiwan. Agriculture, 13, 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081476.

Wathes C. M., Kristensen, H. H., Aerts, J-M., and Berckmans, D. (2008). Is precision livestock farming an engineer’s daydream or nightmare, an animal’s friend or foe, and a farmer’s panacea or pitfall?. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 64(1), 2–10.

WHO (2022). Climate change. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1.

WHO (2021). Safe and healthy food in traditional food markets in the WHO European Region. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/340954/WHO-EURO-2021-1854-41605-56825-eng.pdf.

Wolfert, S., Ge, L., Verdouw, C., and Bogaardt, M-J. (2017). Big Data in Smart Farming-A review. Agricultural Systems, 153, 69–80.

You Matter (2020). Climate Change: Meaning, Definition, Causes, Examples And Consequences. https://youmatter.world/en/definition/climate-change-meaning-definition-causes-and-consequences/.

Zhai, F., and Zhuang, J. (2009). Agricultural Impact of Climate Change: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute.

Virk, A. L., Noor, M. A., Fiaz, S., Hussain, S., Hussain H. A., Rehman, M., Ahsan M., and Ma, W. (2020). Smart Farming: An Overview. Στ

o: S. Patnaik, S., Sen and M.S. Mahmoud (Ed.), Smart Village Technology, Concepts and Developments (σελ. 191–201). Switzerland: Springer.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-31

How to Cite

Dimitris, P. ., Roido, M. ., Petros, K. ., & Olga-Eleni, A. . (2025). The Use of New Technologies in the Primary Production Sector. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 44(04), 727–754. https://doi.org/10.13052/spee1048-5236.4444

Issue

2025: Vol 44 Iss 4

Section

Urban and Regional Sustainable Development in Southern Europe