Optimum Design of Conformal Array Antenna with a Shaped Radiation Pattern and Wideband Feeding Network
Keywords:
Conformal array antenna, mutual coupling, particle swarm optimization, shaped beam, wideband feeding networkAbstract
In the present work, a circular conformal array with wideband printed dipole antennas and wideband feeding network has been designed to obtain a fully constrained cosecant squared radiation pattern using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and mutual coupling compensation. Using the circular conformal design leads to a decrease of around 33% of the length of the array antenna compared with that of the vertical linear array. Moreover, a better performance of the coverage region and side lobe fall after this area obtains by using this configuration.
Downloads
References
L. Josefsson and P. Persson, Conformal Array Antenna Theory and Design, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2006.
A. Zaghloul, M. Parsa, and S. Kumar, “Investigation of a microstrip antenna array conformal to a paraboloidal surface,” 23rd Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES), pp. 1608-1615, Italy, March 2007.
K. Xiao, Y. Li, F. Zhao, S. Chai, and J. Mao, “Analysis of microstrip antennas using the volume surface integral equation formulation and the pre-corrected fast Fourier transform method,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 922-929, Nov. 2011.
D. Kurup, M. Himdi, and A. Rydberg, “Synthesis of uniform amplitude unequally spaced antenna arrays using the deferential algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 2210- 2217, 2003.
D. Gies and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm optimization for reconfigurable phase differentiated array design,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 38, no. 3, 2003.
D. W. Boeringer and D. H. Werner, “Particle swarm optimization versus genetic algorithms for phased array synthesis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, no. 3, 2004.
I. Gupta and A. Ksienski, “Effect of mutual coupling on the performance of adaptive arrays,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 785-791, 1983.
D. Kelley and W. Stutzman, “Array antenna pattern modelling method that includes mutual coupling effects,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, pp. 1625-1632, 1993.
P. Darwood, P. Fletcher, and G. Hilton. “Mutual coupling compensation in small planar array antennas,” IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propagat., vol. 145, pp. 1-6. 1998.
P. Fletcher and M. Dean, “Derivation of orthogonal beams and their application to beamforming in small phased arrays,” IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Propagat., vol. 143, pp. 304- 308, 1996.
S. Zhang, S.-X. Gong, Y. Guan, and S. Zhang, “A novel IGA- PSO hybrid algorithm for the synthesis of sparse arrays,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 89, pp. 121-134. 2009.
Z. Hang, S.-X. Gong, and S. Zhang, “A modified PSO for low sidelobe concentric ring arrays synthesis with multiple constraints,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1535-1544, 2009.
J. Pérez and J. Basterrechea, “Hybrid particle swarm-based algorithms and their application to linear array synthesis,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 90, pp. 63-74, 2009.
Z. Zaharis, S. Goudos, and T. Yioultsis, “Application of boolean PSO with adaptive velocity mutation to the design of optimal linear antenna arrays excited by uniform amplitude current distribution,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1422-1436, 2011.
M. Rahmani and A. Pirhadi, “Shaped beam microstrip dipole antenna synthesis using guided particle swarm optimization,” ACES Conference, 2012.
S. Walker and D. Chatterjee, “Study of exact and high-frequency code solvers for applications to a conformal dipole array,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 550-558, Dec. 2009.
J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 1942-1948, 1995.
R. Eberhart and Y. Shi, “Particle swarm optimization, developments, applications, and resources,” Proc. Cong. Evol. Comput., vol. 1, pp. 81-86, 2001.
J. Robinson and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 397-407, Feb. 2004.
D. Gies and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm optimization (PSO) for reflector antenna shaping,” IEEE Antennas Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 3, pp. 2289-2293, June 2004.
W. Liu, “Design of multiband CPW-fed monopole antenna using a particle swarm optimization approach,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 3273-3279, Oct. 2005.
S. Genovesi, R. Mittra, A. Monorchio, and G. Manara, “Particle swarm optimization for the design of frequency selective surfaces,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 277-279, Dec. 2006.
W. Li and X. Shi, “An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm for pattern synthesis of phased arrays,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, PIER vol. 82, pp. 319-332, 2008.
S. Goudos, V. Moysiadou, T. Samaras, K. Siakavara, and J. Sahalos, “Application of a comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer to unequally spaced linear array synthesis with sidelobe level suppression and null control,” IEEE Antennas and Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 9, 2010.
B. Edward and D.Rees, “A broadband printed dipole with integrated balun,” Microw. J., pp. 339-344, May 1987.
J.-P. Bayard, “Analysis of infinite arrays of microstrip-fed dipoles printed on protruding dielectric substrates and covered with a dielectric radome,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 42, pp. 82-89, Jan. 1994.
R. LinLi, T. Wu, B. Pan, K. Lim, J. Laskar, and M. Tentzeris, “Equivalent circuit analysis of a broadband printed dipole with adjusted integrated balun and an array for base station applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat, vol. 57, no. 7, July 2009.
E. Wilkinson, “An N-way hybrid power divider,” IRE Trans. on MTT, vol. 116, Jan. 1960.
R. Wilds, “Try λ/8 stubs for fast fixed phase shifts,” Microwaves and RF, vol. 18, pp. 67-68, 1979.
http://www.ansys.com/Products/Simulation+Tec hnology/Electromagnetics/Signal+Integrity/ANS YS+HFSS
