Fast Range Decoupling Algorithm for Metamaterial Aperture Real-time Imaging

Authors

  • Yuteng Gao School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
  • Wencan Peng Xi’an Institute of Space Radio Technology, (CASC, Xi’an), Xi’an, 710100, China
  • Min Wang National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China
  • Chenjiang Guo School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China
  • Jun Ding School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China

Keywords:

millimeter-wave imaging, metamaterial apertures, compressed sensing, decoupling

Abstract

While metamaterial aperture imaging systems do not require mechanical scanning equipment or complex components by employing a spatially variant radiation field, they require large amount of data and many computations. In this paper, we deduce the contribution of the resonator to the radiation fields of the metamaterial aperture. We propose a fast range decoupling algorithm that can improve the data processing speed and obtain real-time images of far-field scenes. The algorithm decomposes the scene into numerous range cells, drastically reduces the range of interest, and reconstructs the scene in parallel. Simulation results show that computational cost is significantly decreased and image quality is maintained.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Yuteng Gao, School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China

Yuteng Gao was born in Shannxi Province, China, in 1988. He received the B.S. and M.S degree in School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi’an City, China, in 2010 and 2013 respectively. He is presently working on his Ph.D. degree in School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi’an City, China. His research interests include milimeter wave, antenna design and radar imaging.

Wencan Peng, Xi’an Institute of Space Radio Technology, (CASC, Xi’an), Xi’an, 710100, China

Wencan Peng was born in Hubei Province, China, in 1987. She received the B.S. degree in School of Measuring and Optical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University in Nanchang City, China, in 2010. Then,she received the M.S. and Ph.D. degree in School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi’an City, China, in 2013 and 2020 respectively. Now, she is working with Payload Research Center, Academy of Space Information System (CASC Xi’an). Her research interests include: array signal processing and array calibration.

Min Wang, National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China

Min Wang (IEEE Member), received the B.S. degree from Xidian Univ. China in 2000; M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Signal and Information Processing from Xidian Univ., Xi’an China, in 2003 and 2005 respectively. He is working with National Lab of Radar Signal Processing in Xidian University. His research interests include sparse signal processing, miliwave/Terahertz radar and high resolution radar imaging.

Chenjiang Guo, School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China

Chenjiang Guo was born in Shannxi Province, China, in 1963. CIE Senior Member, Antenna Society Committee Member. He received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University in Xi’an City, China, in 1984, 1987 and 2007 respectively. He is a Professor in School of Electronics and Information NWPU. His research interests include: array signal processing, theory and design of antenna.

Jun Ding, School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129, China

Jun Ding, received her B.Eng. degree in Electronic Engineering in 1986 from Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU). She obtained her M.S. degree in Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Techniques in 1989 from the NWPU. In 2005, she received her Ph.D. degree in Circuits and Systems from the NWPU. She is now a Professor of Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Techniques in the NWPU. Her research interests include electromagnetic calculation, antenna theory and design, microwave circuit design, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).

References

J. A. Ribeiro, C. M. Pereira, A. F. Silva, and M. G. F. Sales, “Disposable electrochemical detection of breast cancer tumour marker CA 15-3 using poly (Toluidine Blue) as imprinted polymer receptor,” Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 109, pp. 246- 254, June 2018.

S. S. Gorthi, D. Schaak, and E. Schonbrun, “Fluorescence imaging of flowing cells using a temporally coded excitation,” Opt. Exp., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 5164- 5170, Feb. 2013.

X. Zhuge and A. G. Yarovoy, “A sparse aperture MIMO-SAR-based UWB imaging system for concealed weapon detection,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 509-518, July 2011.

U. Alkus, A. B. Sahin, and H. Altan, “Stand-off through-the-wall W-band millimeter-wave imaging using compressive sensing,” IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 1025- 1029, Apr. 2018.

Y. Gao, W. Peng, Y. Qu, and J. Ding, “Through-thewall imaging based on modified compressive sampling matching pursuit,” 2017 Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), Xi'an, China, pp. 1-3, Oct. 2017.

J. Hunt, T. Driscoll, A. Mrozack, G. Lipworth, M. Reynolds, D. Brady, and D. Smith, “Metamaterial apertures for computational imaging,” Science, vol. 339, no. 6117, pp. 310-313, Jan. 2013.

J. Hunt, J. Gollub, T. Driscoll, G. Lipworth, A. Mrozack, M. Reynolds, D. Brady, and D. Smith, “Metamaterial microwave holographic imaging system,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Opt. Image Sci., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 2109-2119, Oct. 2014.

J. Gollub, O. Yurduseven, K. P. Trofatter, D. Arnitz, M. F. Imani, T. Sleasman, M. Boyarsky, A. Rose, A. Pedross-Engel, H. Odabasi and T. Zvolensky, “Large metasurface aperture for millimeter wave computational imaging at the human-scale,” Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-9, Feb. 2017.

G. Lipworth, A. Mrozack, J. Hunt, D. L. Marks, T. Driscoll, D. Brady, and D. R. Smith, “Metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging on the physical layer,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Opt. Image Sci., vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1603-1612, Aug. 2013.

G. Lipworth, A. Rose, O. Yurduseven, V. R. Gowda, M. F. Imani, H. Odabasi, P. Trofatter, J. Gollub, and D. R. Smith, “Comprehensive simulation platform for a metamaterial imaging system,” Appl. Opt., vol. 54, no. 31, pp. 9343-9353, Nov. 2015.

G. Lipworth, J. Hunt, A. Mrozack, D. Brady, and D. R. Smith, “Simulations of 2D metamaterial apertures for coherent computational imaging,” 2013 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems (COMCAS 2013), Tel Aviv, Israel, pp. 1-4, Oct. 2013.

T. Fromenteze, O. Yurduseven, M. F. Imani, J. Gollub, C. Decroze, D. Carsenat, and D. R. Smith, ‘‘Computational imaging using a mode-mixing cavity at microwave frequencies,’’ Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 106, no. 19, pp. 9343-53, May 2015.

T. Fromenteze, O. Yurduseven, M. Boyarsky, J. Gollub, D. L. Marks, and D. R. Smith, “Computational polarimetric microwave imaging,” Opt. Exp., vol. 25, no. 22, pp. 27488-27505, Oct. 2017.

D. L. Marks and D. R. Smith, “Mode diversity of weakly modulated cavity antennas,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, Opt. Image Sci., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 135- 147, Jan. 2018.

T. Sleasman, M. F. Imani, J. N. Gollub, and D. R. Smith, “Dynamic metamaterial aperture for microwave imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 107, no. 20, pp. 204104, Nov. 2015.

T. Sleasman, M. Boyarsk, M. F. Imani, J. N. Gollub, and D. R. Smith, “Design considerations for a dynamic metamaterial aperture for computational imaging at microwave frequencies,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, Opt. Phys., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1098-1111, June 2016.

A. V. Diebold, M. F. Imani, T. Sleasman, and D. R. Smith, “Phaseless computational ghost imaging at microwave frequencies using a dynamic metasurface aperture,” Appl. Opt., vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2142-2149, Mar. 2018.

M. F. Imani, T. Sleasman, and D. R. Smith, “Twodimensional dynamic metasurface apertures for computational microwave imaging,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 2299-2303, Oct. 2018.

K. Na, L. Li, S. Tian, and Y. Li. “Measurement matrix analysis and radiation improvement of a metamaterial aperture antenna for coherent computational imaging,” Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 933-942, Sep. 2017.

M. Zhao, S. Zhu, J. Li, H. Shi, J. Chen, Y. He, andA. Zhang, “Frequency-diverse bunching metamaterial antenna for coincidence imaging,” Materials, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1817-1828, Jan. 2019.

G. Antonini, “Fast multipole formulation for PEEC frequency domain modeling,”Applied Computational Electromag. Society Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1- 17, Nov. 2002.

S. Kahng, “Predicting and mitigating techniques of the PCB rectangular power/ground planes' resonance modes,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Newsletter, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 15-23, Nov. 2007.

S. Patil, M. Y. Koledintseva, and R. W. Schwartz, “Modeling of field distribution and energy storage in diphasic dielectrics,” 2006 15th IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics, Sunset Beach, NC, USA, pp. 307-310, July 2006.

L. Xue and D. Jiao, “Fast and rigorous method for solving low-frequency breakdown in full-wave finiteelement-based solution of general lossy problems,” 2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), Denver, CO, USA, pp. 1-2, Mar. 2018.

F. Feng, C. Zhang, J. Ma, and Q. Zhang, “Parametric modeling of EM behavior of microwave components using combined neural networks and pole-residuebased transfer functions,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 60-77, Jan. 2016.

N. Calik, M. A. Belen, P. Mahouti, and S. Koziel, “Accurate modeling of frequency selective surfaces using fully-connected regression model with automated architecture determination and parameter selection based on Bayesian optimization,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 38396-38410, Mar. 2021.

O. Yurduseven, J. N. Gollub, A. Rose, D. L. Marks, and D. R. Smith, “Design and simulation of a frequency-diverse aperture for imaging of humanscale targets,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 5436-5451, July 2016.

D. L. Marks, O. Yurduseven, and D. R. Smith, “Fourier accelerated multistatic imaging: A fast reconstruction algorithm for multiple-inputmultipleoutput radar imaging,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 1796-1809, Feb. 2017.

C. G. Walter, R. M. Majewski, and R. S. Goodman, Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar: Signal Processing Algorithms. Boston, MA, USA: Artech House, 1995.

Z. Wu, L. Zhang, H. Liu, and N. Kou, “Range decoupling algorithm for accelerating metamaterial apertures-based computational imaging,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 3619-3631, Mar. 2018.

L. Mandel and E. Wolf, Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics. Cambridge University, 1995.

J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics. 3rd ed., Englewood, CO, USA: Roberts and Company, 2005.

F. C. Lin and M. A. Fiddy, “Image estimation from scattered field data,” Int. J. Imag. Syst. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 76-95, June 1990.

B. L. Sturm and M. G. Christensen, “Comparison of orthogonal matching pursuit implementations,” 2012 Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Bucharest, Romania, pp. 220-224, Oct. 2012.

S. Hsieh, C. Lu, and S. Pei, “Fast OMP: Reformulating OMP via iteratively refining ℓ2-norm solutions,” 2012 IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP), Ann Arbor, MI, USA, pp. 189-192, Aug. 2012.

Downloads

Published

2021-10-21

How to Cite

[1]
Y. . Gao, W. . Peng, M. . Wang, C. . Guo, and J. . Ding, “Fast Range Decoupling Algorithm for Metamaterial Aperture Real-time Imaging”, ACES Journal, vol. 36, no. 08, pp. 953–963, Oct. 2021.

Issue

2021: Vol 36 Iss 8

Section

General Submission