Sub-6 GHz Quad-Band Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Cognitive Radio Applications

Authors

  • Sivakumar Ellusamy Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603203, India
  • Ramachandran Balasubramanian Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603203, India

Keywords:

Narrow band, PIN diode, quad-band, reconfigurable, square patch, stub, tunable, ultra wide band

Abstract

This article describes a quad-band frequency tunable antenna for 5G applications that operates in the sub-6 GHz frequency range. On the top side, a stubloaded square patch is printed on an inexpensive glass epoxy substrate, and on the opposite side, a C-shaped slot embedded into the partial ground plane. To achieve frequency reconfigurability with a consistent radiation pattern, the C-shaped slot and matching stub are used. The antenna is electronically frequency tunable by placing two positive intrinsic negative diodes (PIN) in the C-shaped slot and one PIN diode between the stub and feed line. The frequency is tunable between one ultra-wideband (UWB) and three communication bands based on the switching conditions of the PIN diodes. The proposed configuration is small, with a substrate dimension of 25×25×1 mm3. The antenna was fabricated, tested and found measurements result back up the simulation; it can switch between UWB (3.31.0-6.03 GHz) and three communication modes (3.31-4.32, 3.78- 4.98, 4.98-5.96 GHz). The antenna has peak gains of 1.91, 1.86, 2.0 and 2.0 dB, and radiation efficiencies of 80, 78, 83 and 86%, respectively, in the four frequency bands. The developed antenna is ideally suited for multi-functional wireless systems and cognitive radio applications since it covers the frequency bands below 6 GHz and is tunable between wide and narrow bands.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Sivakumar Ellusamy, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603203, India

E. Sivakumar received his M.Tech in Applied Electronics in 2006 from Dr M.G.R Educational Research Institute of Science and Technology. He is pursuing Ph.D. in SRM Institute of Science and Technology, India. His research interest includes antenna design, reconfigurable antennas, RF and microwave circuit design.

Ramachandran Balasubramanian, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603203, India

B. Ramachandran received his bachelor’s degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, in 1990 and master’s degree in Satellite Communications from National Institute of Technology, Trichy, in 1992. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in the area of Wireless Mobile Networks from Anna University, Chennai, in 2009. At present, he is working as Professor at SRM University in Chennai. He authored a textbook on digital signal processing. His teaching and research interests include digital communication, wireless networks, UWB antenna design, network security, and mobile computing. He has published 37 research papers in national and international conferences and journals. He was awarded IETE-SK Mitra Memorial Best Research Paper Award in 2009. He is a member of ISTE, and fellow of IE(I) and IETE.

References

Spectrum for 4G and 5G, Qualcomm Technol. Inc., San Diego, CA, USA, Dec. 2017.

IEEE: IEEE 5G and Beyond Technology Roadmap White Paper, October, 2017.

International Telecommunication Union, ITU-R: Technical feasibility of IMT in bands above 6 GHz, July 2015.

X. Liu, X. Yang, and F. Kong, “A frequencyreconfigurable monopole antenna with switchable stubbed ground structure,” Radio Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 449-454, 2015.

A. Gupta and R. K. Jha, “A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging technologies,” IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 1206-1232, 2015.

P. Gardner, M. R. Hamid, P. S. Hall, J. Kelly, F. Ghanem, and E. Ebrahimi, “Reconfigurable antennas for cognitive radio: Requirements and potential design approaches,” Institution of Engineering and Technology Seminar on Wideband, Multiband Antennas and Arrays for Defense or Civil Applications, pp. 89-94, Mar. 2008.

L. Ge and K. Luk, “Frequency-reconfigurable low-profile circular monopolar patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 3443-3449,2014.

G. Chen, X. Yang, and Y. Wang, “Dual-band frequency-reconfigurable folded slot antenna for wireless communications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propagation Lett., vol. 11, pp. 1386-1389, 2012.

H. A. Majid, M. K. A. Rahim, M. R. Hamid, and M. F. Ismail, “A compact frequency-reconfigurable narrowband microstrip slot antenna,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 616- 619, 2012.

V. Rajeshkumar and S. Raghavan, “A compact frequency reconfigurable split ring monopole antenna for WLAN/WAVE applications,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 338-344, 2015.

S. Chilukuri, K. Dahal, A. Lokam, and W. Chen “A CPW fed T-shaped frequency reconfigurable antenna for multi radio applications,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 33, pp. 1276-1285, 2018.

H. Rajagopalan, J. M. Kovitz, and Y. RahmatSamii, “MEMS reconfigurable optimized E-shaped patch antenna design for cognitive radio,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 1056- 1064, 2014.

E. Erfani, J. Nourinia, C. Ghobadi, M. Niroo-Jazi, and T. A. Denidni, “Design and implementation of an integrated UWB/Reconfigurable-slot antenna for cognitive radio applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 77-80, 2011.

Y. Tawk and C. G. Christodoulou, “A new reconfigurable antenna design for cognitive radio,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1378-1381, 2009.

J. Costantine, Y. Tawk, J. Woodland, N. Flaum, and C. Christodoulou, “Reconfigurable antenna system with a movable ground plane for cognitive radio,” Microw. Antennas Propag. IET, vol. 8, pp. 858-863, 2013.

S. S. Tripathi and C. C, “A novel reconfigurable antenna with separate sensing mechanism for CR system,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. C, vol. 72, pp. 187-196, 2017.

A. Nella and A. S. Gandhi, “A five-port integrated UWB and narrowband antennas system design for CR applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1669-1676, 2018.

H. Boudaghi, M. Azarmanesh, and M. Mehranpour, “A frequency-reconfigurable monopole antenna using switchable slotted ground structure,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 655- 658, 2012.

A. Mansoul, F. Ghanem, M. R. Hamid, and M. Trabelsi, “A selective frequency-reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 515- 518, 2014.

G. Srivastava, A. Mohan, and A. Chakrabarty, “A compact reconfigurable UWB slot antenna for cognitive radio applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1139-1142, 2016.

S. R. Thummaluru, M. Ameen, and R. K. Chaudhary, “Four-port MIMO cognitive radio system for midband 5G applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol .67, no. 8, pp. 5634-5645, 2019.

T. Alam, S. R. Thummaluru, and R. K. Chaudhary, “Integration of MIMO and cognitive radio for sub-6 GHz 5G applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 2021-2025, 2019.

X. Zhao, S. Riaz, and S. Geng, “A reconfigurable MIMO/UWB MIMO antenna for cognitive radio applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 46739- 46747, 2019.

K. G. Thomas and M. Sreenivasan, “A simple ultrawideband planar rectangular printed antenna with band dispensation,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 27-34, 2009.

K. P. Ray, “Design aspects of printed monopole antennas for ultra-wide band applications,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2008, 8 pages, 2008.

D. Kapoor, V. Sangwan, C. M. Tan, V. Paliwal, and N. Tanwar, “Optimization of a T-shaped MIMO antenna for reduction of EMI,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 3117, 2020.

Downloads

Published

2021-10-21

How to Cite

[1]
S. . Ellusamy and R. . Balasubramanian, “Sub-6 GHz Quad-Band Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Cognitive Radio Applications”, ACES Journal, vol. 36, no. 08, pp. 1015–1025, Oct. 2021.

Issue

2021: Vol 36 Iss 8

Section

Articles