Slit-Loaded Hexagonal Patch for Body Area Network Applications at 5.8 GHz

Authors

  • Shaktijeet Mahapatra ITER, Siksha O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Odisha, India
  • Mihir Narayan Mohanty ITER, Siksha O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Odisha, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2021.ACES.J.361106

Keywords:

Hexagonal patch, Inset-fed, ISM band, Miniature, Slit-loaded

Abstract

Increasing population and expanding remote healthcare monitoring needs have provided an impetus to the research and development of wireless devices. The quest for smaller antennas for wireless devices has led to the design of the proposed antenna. In this work, we present a slit-loaded hexagonal patch antenna for body area network applications. The antenna has been designed on a 0.193λλ ×0.193λ×0.03λ×0.193⁢λ×0.03⁢λ FR4-epoxy substrate. The radiator patch has two parallel slits. The antenna resonates at 5.8 GHz (ISM band) with a wide bandwidth of 1.15 GHz. A maximum gain of 5.81 dB and a front-to-back ratio of 11.93 dB is observed at 5.8 GHz. Radiation efficiency is observed to be 72.3%. The measured return loss values show a close agreement with the simulated results. Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis on a simplified 2/3rdrd muscle model shows an average SAR of 0.5633 W kg−1-1, due to the use of a full-ground plane. The simulations were done in ANSYS HFSS. The antenna is suitable for on-body communications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Shaktijeet Mahapatra, ITER, Siksha O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Odisha, India

Shaktijeet Mahapatra is currently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research (FET), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha. He received his M. Tech. degree in VLSI and Embedded System from the Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. degree from Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (deemed to be University). His research interests include Antenna Design and IoT.

Mihir Narayan Mohanty, ITER, Siksha O’ Anusandhan deemed to be University, Odisha, India

Mihir Narayan Mohanty is currently working as a Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research (FET), Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha. He received his Ph.D. degree in Applied Signal Processing from the Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha and his M. Tech. degree in Communication System Engineering from the Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha. He is the fellow of IE (I), and IETE. He is a senior member of IEEE and member of many professional societies including IET, ACES etc. He has more than 25 years of teaching and research experience. He has published more than 500 papers in different Journals, Conferences including Book Chapters. He has authored two books and edited two conference proceedings. He is the successive reviewer of manuscripts from IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, IGI Global, etc. His areas of research interests include Applied Signal and Image Processing, Wireless Communication, Antenna, and Intelligent Signal Processing.

References

A. Y. I. Ashyap, S. H. B. Dahlan, Z. Z. Abidin, M. I. Abbasi, M. R. Kamarudin, H. A. Majid, M. H. Dahri, M. H. Jamaluddin, and A. Alomainy, “An overview of electromagnetic band-gap integrated wearable antennas,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 7641-7658, Jan. 2020. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2963997.

S. Mahapatra and M. N. Mohanty, “A review on state-of-art techniques of antennas for body area networks,” Int. J. Sensors, Wirel. Commun. Control, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 604-618, Jul. 2021. doi: 10.2174/2210327910999201228152543.

K. Siakavara, “Methods to design microstrip antennas for modern applications,” in Microstrip Antennas, N. Nasimuddin, Ed. InTech, pp. 173-236, 2011.

S. Mahapatra and M. N. Mohanty, “Investigation on effects of slotting in a microstrip-fed rectangular patch antenna,” in 2018 2nd International Conference on Data Science and Business Analytics (ICDSBA), pp. 241-244, Dec. 2018.

S. K. Behera and N. C. Karmakar, “Wearable chipless radio-frequency identification tags for biomedical applications: A Review [Antenna Applications Corner],” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 94-104, Jun. 2020. doi: 10.1109/MAP.2020.2983978.

S. Mahapatra and M. N. Mohanty, “Simulation and feed analysis of microstrip antenna for UWB communication,” in IEEE Conf. ICCPCT, pp. 18-20, Mar. 2014.

C. Arora, S. Pattnaik, and R. Baral, “Performance enhancement of patch antenna array for 5.8 GHz Wi-MAX applications using metamaterial inspired technique,” AEU-International J. Electron. Commun., vol. 79, pp. 124-131, May 2017.

N. Majidi, G. G. Yaralioglu, M. R. Sobhani, and T. Imeci, “Design of a quad element patch antenna at 5.8 GHz,” 2018 Int. Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. Symp. Denver, ACES-Denver 2018, pp. 1-2, Mar. 2018. doi: 10.23919/ROPACES.2018.8364309.

A. S. Sayem and K. P. Esselle, “A unique, compact, lightweight, flexible and unobtrusive Antenna for the Applications in Wireless Body Area Networks,” in 2019 13th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS), pp. 1-4, Dec. 2019.

T. M. Neebha, M. Nesasudha, and D. K. Janapala, “A stable miniaturised AMC loaded flexible monopole antenna for ingestible applications,” Comput. Biol. Med., vol. 116, p. 103578, Jan. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103578.

L. N. Nguyen, “A MIMO antenna with enhanced gain using metasurface,” Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 458-464, Apr. 2021. doi: 10.47037/2020.ACES.J.360412.

C. Wang, L. Zhang, S. Wu, S. Huang, C. Liu, and X. Wu, “A Dual-band monopole antenna with ebg for wearable wireless body area networks,” Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 48-54, Jan. 2021. doi: 10.47037/2020.ACES.J.360107.

H. Singhal, S. Ashwin, V. Sharma, J. Prajapati, and M. D. Upadhayay, “High gain hexagonal patch antenna for V2V communication,” 2020 7th Int. Conf. Signal Process. Integr. Networks, SPIN 2020, pp. 687-691, Feb. 2020. doi: 10.1109/SPIN48934.2020.9071270.

A. O. Fadamiro, J. D. Ntawangaheza, O. J. Famoriji, Z. Zhang, and F. Lin, “Design of a multiband hexagonal patch antenna for wireless communication systems,” IETE J. Res., pp. 1-8, Oct. 2019. doi: 10.1080/03772063.2019.1664340.

X. Yin, S. J. Chen, and C. Fumeaux, “Wearable dual-band dual-polarization button antenna for WBAN applications,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2240-2244, Oct. 2020. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2020.3028868.

C. Arora, S. S. Pattnaik, and R. N. Baral, “Dual band microstrip patch antenna array loaded with split ring resonators and via holes,” AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun., vol. 93, no. June, pp. 253-260, Sep. 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2018.06.016.

S. Ambigapathy and J. Paramasivam, “2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz frequency bands reconfigurable fractal antenna for wearable devices using ANN,” Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 354-362, Mar. 2021. doi: 10.47037/2020.ACES.J.360315.

S. Mahapatra, L. P. Mishra, and M. N. Mohanty, “Design of circular patch antenna with modified ground structure for body area communication,” in 2020 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), pp. 512-514, Jul. 2020.

S. Mahapatra, J. Mishra, and M. Dey, “A dual-band inset-fed octagonal patch antenna for wearable applications,” in Advances in Intelligent Computing and Communication, Springer, pp. 699-706, May 2021.

J. Paleèek, M. Vestenickı, P. Vestenickı, and J. Spalek, “Frequency dependence examination of PCB material FR4 relative permittivity,” IFAC Proc. Vol., vol. 46, no. 28 Part 1, pp. 90-94, Jan. 2013. doi: 10.3182/20130925-3-CZ-3023.00020.

K. Guney, “Input impedance of an equilateral triangular microstrip antenna,” Mediterr. Electrotech. Conf. - MELECON, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 414-417, Apr. 1994. doi: 10.1109/melcon.1994.381070.

C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory - Analysis and Design, 3rd Edition. John Wiley and Sons, 2005.

R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Artech House, 2001.

P. S. Hall and Y. Hao, Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications. Artech House, 2012.

IEEE_SCC39, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz - Corrigenda 2, vol. 2019, 2020.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-30

How to Cite

[1]
S. . Mahapatra and M. N. . Mohanty, “Slit-Loaded Hexagonal Patch for Body Area Network Applications at 5.8 GHz”, ACES Journal, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1429–1437, Dec. 2021.

Issue

2021: Vol 36 Iss 11

Section

Articles