Design of an Array-based Plane Wave Generator for Compact Field Antenna Testing
Keywords:
Constrained Least Square (CLS), plane wave synthesis, wideband dual polarizedAbstract
A near-field planar array of wideband dual polarized antennas for plane-wave synthesis has been investigated. The paper presents a PWG with a concentric ring array of 84 Vivaldi antennas which can work at 0.6GHz-3GHz. The constraint least square (CLS) algorithm is used to optimize the weight coefficients of the array elements, which effectively reduce the influence of system uncertainty on quiet zone (QZ) ripple. To reduce the system cost and complexity, the array elements in each concentric ring form a sub-array and the elements of the same sub-array adopt a passive beam forming network. The simulation and initial test results of a circular QZ with a diameter of 600 mm are given. The results demonstrate the feasibility of our design.
Downloads
References
R. He, B. Ai, G. Wang, Z. Zhong, C. Schneider, D. A. Dupleich, R. S. Thomae, M. Boban, J. Luo, and Y. Zhang, “Propagation channels of 5G millimeter wave vehicle-to-vehicle communications: Recent advances and future challenges,” IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 16-26, Mar. 2020.
G. We and Q. Feng, “Side-frame dual-band MIMO antennas for 5G smartphone applications,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1314-1315, Nov. 2020.
W. Fan, P. Kyösti, M. Romney, X. Chen, and G. F. Pedersen, “Over-the-air radiated testing of millimeter-wave beam-steerable devices in a costeffective measurement setup,” IEEE Comm. Mag., vol. 56, no. 7, pp. 64-71, July 2018.
X. Chen, W. Fan, P. Kyösti, L. Hentilä, and G. F. Pedersen, “Throughput modeling and validations for MIMO-OTA testing with arbitrary multipath,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 637-640, Apr. 2018.
Y. Ji, W. Fan, G. F. Pedersen, and X. Wu, “On channel emulation methods in multiprobe anechoic chamber setups for over-the-air testing,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 6740-6751, Aug. 2018.
R. Johnson, H. Ecker, and R. Moore, “Compact range techniques and measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 568-576, Sep. 1969.
X. Chen, W. Xue, H. Shi, J. Yi, and W. Sha, “Orbital angular momentum multiplexing in highly reverberant environments,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 112-115, Jan. 2020.
M. A. Qureshi, C. H. Schmidt, and T. F. Eibert, “Efficient near-field far-field transformation for nonredundant sampling representation on arbitrary surfaces in near-field antenna measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 2025-576, Apr. 2013.
X. H. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, and Y. J. Ma, “5G antenna system OTA testing with plane wave generator in range-constrained anechoic chamber,” Proc. 6th Asia–Pacific Conf. Antennas Propag., pp. 1-3, Oct. 2017.
A. Khatun, V. M. Kolmonen, V. Hovinen, D. Parveg, M. Berg, K. Haneda, K. I. Nikoskinen, and E. T. Salonen, “Experimental verification of a plane-wave field synthesis technique for MIMO OTA antenna testing,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 3141-3150, July 2016.
R. Xie, X. Wang, R. Wang, T. Wang, D. Chen, T. Song, L. Kuang, and S. Zhu, “Synthesis of plane wave applied to 5G communication antenna measurement,”2017 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium-Spring (PIERS), pp. 195- 198, Jan. 2017.
R. Haupt, “Generating a plane wave with a linear array of line sources,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 273-278, Feb. 2003.
O. M. Bucci, C. Gennarelli, and C. Savarese, “Representation of electromagnetic fields over arbitrary surfaces by a finite and nonredundant number of samples,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 351-359, Mar. 1998.
O. M. Bucci, M. D. Migliore, G. Panariello, and D. Pinchera, “Plane-wave generators: Design guidelines, achievable performances and effective synthesis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 2005-2018, Apr. 2013.
D. Yu, H. Zhang, and W. Liu, “Synthesis of a plane-wave via linear array with unequal interval,” ISAPE2012, pp. 827-829, Oct. 2012.
D. A. Hill, “A numerical method for near-field array synthesis,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. EMC-27, no. 4, pp. 201-211, Nov. 1985.
A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D'Elia, A. Liseno, and P. Vinetti, “A novel approach to the design of generalized plane-wave synthesizers,” European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Berlin, Germany pp. 3375-3379, Mar. 2009.
A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, and A. Liseno, “Singular value optimization in inverse electromagnetic scattering,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 16, pp. 1094-1097, 2017.
M. D'Urso, G. Prisco, and M. Cicolani, “Synthesis of plane-wave generators via nonredundant sparse arrays,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.8, pp. 449-452, Mar. 2009.
D. Yu, G. Xie, W. Zhai, and D. Fu, “The optimization of cosine window function using genetic algorithm and its application in plane wave synthesis,” 2011 4th IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, Beijing, pp. 194-197, Nov. 2011.
R&S Report. Report on R&S®PWC200 Plane Wave Converter for 5G massive MIMO base station testing, March, 2019. https://scdn.rohdeschwarz.com/ur/pws/dl_downloads/dl_common_ library/dl_brochures_and_datasheets/pdf_1/PWC 200_fly_en_5215-5971-32_v0200.pdf
F. Scattone, D. Sekuljica, A. Giacomini, F. Saccardi, A. Scannavini, N. Gross, E. Kaverine, P. O. Iversen, and L. J. Foged, “Design of dual polarised wide band plane wave generator for direct far-field testing,” European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Kracow, Poland, pp. 1-4, Apr. 2019.
Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, X, Sun, Z. Qiao, and J. Miao, “Design and implementation of a wideband dual polarized plane wave generator with tapered feeding nonuniform array,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1988- 1992, Nov. 2020.
X. Chen, S. Zhang, and Q. Li, “A review of mutual coupling in MIMO systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 24706-24719, Apr. 2018.
H. Lv, Q. Huang, J. Hou, and J. Liu, “Wideband dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna with gain enhancement,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 990-996, Sep. 2020.