Spiral Resonator Arrays for Misalignment Compensation in Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Authors

  • Nunzia Fontana Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
  • Sami Barmada Spiral Resonator Arrays for Misalignment Compensation in Wireless Power Transfer Systems
  • Marco Raugi Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
  • Danilo Brizi Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy
  • Agostino Monorchio Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2022.ACES.J.370703

Keywords:

Wireless power transfer, metamaterials, metasurfaces, misalignment compensation

Abstract

In this contribution, the authors focus on the use of a metasurface (physically implemented as a 2D array of spiral resonators) as an additional component of a two-coil Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system, with the aim of increasing the robustness to misalignment between the transmitter and the receiver coils. Resonator arrays have been proven to have a positive effect on WPT systems’ performance since they produce a focusing effect on the magnetic field; at the same time, they contribute to the reduction of the electric near field. In addition, we herein demonstrate how proper control over the metasurface’s unit cells can contribute to making a WPT system more tolerant to misalignment. In particular, the comparison between metasurfaces of different sizes (keeping the same transmitting and receiving coils) and their optimization performed to improve misalignment robustness is proved by numerical simulations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nunzia Fontana, Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy

Nunzia Fontana received an M. Sc. (summa cum laude) in telecommunications engineering and a Ph.D. in remote sensing from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 2008 and in 2012, respectively. She is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering with the Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa. Her research interests include wireless power transfer; antennas, impedance matching networks design, prototyping, and RF testing, radio frequency coils design for magnetic resonance and RF testing, and bio-electromagnetics. Her research activities have been published in several international scientific journals and in a number of international conference proceedings. She is IEEE Senior Member and Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Member. Prof. Fontana serves as an Associate Editor forACES Journal.

Sami Barmada, Spiral Resonator Arrays for Misalignment Compensation in Wireless Power Transfer Systems

Sami Barmada received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 1995 and 2001, respectively. He is currently a Full Professor with the Department of Energy and System Engineering, University of Pisa. He is an author and co-author of more than 180 papers in international journals and indexed conferences. His research interests include applied electromagnetics, electromagnetic fields calculation, power line communications, wireless power transfer devices, and nondestructive testing. Prof. Barmada is an Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Fellow and he served as ACES President from 2015 to 2017. He is a member of the International Steering Committee of the CEFC Conference and he has been the General Chairman and Technical Program Chairman of numerous international conferences.

Marco Raugi, Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy

Marco Raugi is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the Department of Energy, Systems, Territory, and Construction Engineering. He graduated in Electronic Engineering from the University of Pisa in 1985 and received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the university in 1990. Main Research Topics are Computational Electromagnetics, Nondestructive testing magnetostrictive sensors, and Sustainable Energy Communities. The research activity of Professor Marco Raugi has produced more than 250 publications in international journals and conferences. The achievements of his studies have been acknowledged by several invitations to international conferences as session chairman or chairman of the editorial board and as the author of invited speeches and tutorials. He is currently the Vice-Rector for Applied Research and Technology Transfer of the University of Pisa, Head of the Interdepartmental Center for Research on Energy for Sustainable Development (CIRESS), and Chair Holder of the UNESCO/UNITWIN Chair “Sustainable Energy Communities”.

Danilo Brizi, Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy

Danilo Brizi was born in Viterbo, Italy, in 1992. He received an M.S. Laurea degree in biomedical engineering and a Ph.D. degree in information engineering (both summa cum laude) from the University of Pisa in 2016 and 2020, respectively. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the same university. His research interests include electromagnetic metasurfaces, MRI filter design, and wireless power transfer applications.

Agostino Monorchio, Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122, Pisa, Italy

Agostino Monorchio is a Full Professor with the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. He received a Laurea degree in electronics engineering and the Ph.D. degree in methods and technologies for environmental monitoring from the University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, in 1991 and 1994, respectively. He spent several research periods at the Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, both as a recipient of a scholarship (Fellowship Award) of the Summa Foundation, Albuquerque, NM, USA, and in the framework of CNR-NATO Senior Fellowship program. He has carried out considerable research activity and technical consultancy to national, EU, and U.S. industries, coordinating, as Principal Scientific Investigator, a large number of national and European researchprojects.

He is active in a number of areas including computational electromagnetics, microwave metamaterials, radio propagation for wireless systems, the design and miniaturization of antennas and electromagnetic compatibility, and biomedical applications. The activity is mainly carried out at the Microwave and Radiation Laboratory (www.mrlab.it), Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, together with a large group of Ph.D. students, Postdocs, and Research Associates. His research results have been published in more than 130 journal papers and book chapters, and more than 200 communications at international and national conferences. He is a co-author of fourpatents.

Prof. Monorchio is a member of the RaSS National Laboratory, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni, Parma, Italy, and since 2010 he has been with the Pisa Section of INFN, the National Institute of Nuclear Physics. He was elevated to a Fellow by the IEEE for his contributions to computational electromagnetics and for the application of frequency selective surfaces in metamaterials in 2012.

References

A. P. Sample, D. A. Meyer, and J. R. Smith, “Analysis experimental results, and range adaptation of magnetically coupled resonators for wireless power transfer,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 544-554, Feb. 2011.

G. Wang, W. Liu, M. Sivaprakasam, and G. A. Kendir, “Design and analysis of an adaptive transcutaneous power telemetry for biomedical implants,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 2109-2117, Oct. 2005.

A. K. RamRakhyani, S. Mirabbasi, and M. Chiao, “Design and optimization of resonance-based efficient wireless power delivery systems for biomedical implants,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 48-63, Feb. 2011.

C.-S. Wang, O. H. Stielau, and G. A. Covic, “Design considerations for a contactless electric vehicle battery charger,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1308-1314, Oct. 2005.

M. Bertoluzzo, P. Di Barba, M. Forzan, M. E. Mognaschi, and E. Sieni, “Multiobjective optimization of compensation networks for wireless power transfer systems,” COMPEL - The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 674-689, 2022.

M. Song, P. Belov, and P. Kapitanova, “Wireless power transfer inspired by the modern trends in electromagnetics,” Appl. Phys. Rev., vol. 4, no. 2, Art. no. 021102, Jun. 2017.

J. Shin, S. Shin, Y. Kim, S. Ahn, S. Lee, G. Jung, S.-J. Jeon, and D. H. Cho, “Design and implementation of shaped magnetic-resonance- based wireless power transfer system for roadway-powered moving electric vehicles,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1179-1192, Mar. 2014.

I. Lee, N. Kim, I. Cho, and I. Hong, “Design of a patterned soft magnetic structure to reduce magnetic flux leakage of magnetic induction wireless power transfer systems,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1856-1863, Dec. 2017.

M. Mohammad, E. T. Wodajo, S. Choi, and M. E. Elbuluk, “Modeling and design of passive shield to limit EMF emission and to minimize shield loss in unipolar wireless charging system for EV,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 12235-12245, Dec. 2019.

S. Lee, D.-H. Kim, Y. Cho, H. Kim, C. Song, S. Jeong, J. Song, G. Park, S. Hong, J. Park, K. Cho, H. Lee, C. Seo, S. Ahn, and J. Kim, “Low leakage electromagnetic field level and high efficiency using a novel hybrid loop-array design for wireless high power transfer system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 4356-4367, Jun. 2019.

Q. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Guo, C. Liao, L. Wang, and L. Wang, “Null-coupled electromagnetic field canceling coil for wireless power transfer system,” IEEE Trans. Transport. Electrific., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 464-473, Jun. 2017.

M. Bertoluzzo, P. Di Barba, M. Forzan, M. E. Mognaschi, and E. Sieni, “Field models for the electromagnetic compatibility of wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles,” Engineering Computations, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 2802-2819,2022.

T. Campi, S. Cruciani, F. Maradei, and M. Feliziani, “Magnetic field mitigation by multicoil active shielding in electric vehicles equipped with wireless power charging system,” in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 1398-1405, doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2020.2988463, Aug. 2020.

Y. Cho, S. Lee, D.-H. Kim, H. Kim, C. Song, S. Kong, and J. Park, “Thin hybrid metamaterial slab with negative and zero permeability for high efficiency and low electromagnetic field in wireless power transfer systems,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1001-1009, Aug.2018.

Y. Cho, J. J. Kim, D.-H. Kim; S. Lee, H. Kim, and C. Song, “Thin PCB-type metamaterials for improved efficiency and reduced EMF leakage in wireless power transfer systems,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 353-364, Feb. 2016.

D. Brizi, N. Fontana, M. Tucci, S. Barmada, and A. Monorchio, “A spiral resonators passive array for inductive wireless power transfer applications with low exposure to near electric field,” in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 1312-1322, doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2020.2991123, Aug. 2020.

N. Fontana, D. Brizi, S. Barmada, M. Raugi, and A. Monorchio, “Optimization and robustness analysis of a spiral resonators array for misalignment recovering purposes in WPT systems,” 2021 XXXIVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS), pp. 1-3, 2021.

A. L. A. K. Ranaweera, C. A. Moscoso, and J.-W. Lee, “Anisotropic metamaterial for efficiency enhancement of mid-range wireless power transfer under coil misalignment,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 48, pp. 8, 2015, doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/48/45/455104.

H. N. Bui, T. S. Pham, J.-S. Kim, and J.-W. Lee, “Field-focused reconfigurable magnetic metamaterial for wireless power transfer and propulsion of an untethered microrobot,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 494, pp. 165778, ISSN 0304-8853, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.165778.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-29

How to Cite

[1]
N. . Fontana, S. . Barmada, M. . Raugi, D. . Brizi, and A. . Monorchio, “Spiral Resonator Arrays for Misalignment Compensation in Wireless Power Transfer Systems”, ACES Journal, vol. 37, no. 07, pp. 765–773, Dec. 2022.

Issue

2022: Vol 37 Iss 7

Section

Articles

Categories