Combined Application of Partition Clustering Classification and Gerchberg-Papoulis Optimization Algorithm for Spherical Near Field Antenna Measurements

Authors

  • Fangyun Peng School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
  • Yuchen Ma China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing, 100191, China
  • Yuxin Ren China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing, 100191, China
  • Bo Liu School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
  • Xiaobo Liu School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
  • Zhengpeng Wang School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
  • Lei Zhao School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 100083, China
  • Xiaoming Chen School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
  • Zhiqin Wang China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing, 100191, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.ACES.J.380107

Keywords:

adaptive sampling, cluster classification algorithm, extrapolation, spherical near-field testing

Abstract

An adaptive sampling and optimized extrapolation scheme for spherical near-field antenna testing is proposed. The method relies on the partition clustering classification algorithm and Voronoi classification to divide a small amount of initial data into subclasses and cells. The sampling density and rates of variation between adjacent sampling points are used as an overall metric function to evaluate the sampling dynamics at each location. Appropriate interpolation is performed in the highly dynamic region to increase the effective data in the near-field samples. The Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm extrapolates the unnecessary interpolation region to improve the near-field sampling accuracy. This method uses a small amount of initial near-field sampled data for near-far field conversion to achieve the same precision as uniform oversampling. The feasibility and stability of the algorithm are proved from the actual measurement results.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Fangyun Peng, School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

Fangyun Peng received her B.Sc. degree in Electrical Information Engineering from Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China, in 2018. She is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree at the School of Electronic and Information Engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University. Her research interests include over-the-air testing.

Yuchen Ma, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing, 100191, China

Yuchen Ma was born in Beijing, China, in 1993. He received his B.E. degree and doctorate from the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, in 2015 and 2021, respectively. He is currently at the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China. His current research interests include near-field measurement and antenna design.

Yuxin Ren, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing, 100191, China

Yuxin Ren received his M.Sc. degree in Electronic Science and Technology from the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, in 2014. Since 2018, he has been an engineer at the China Academy of Information and Communications and Technology. His current research interests include the theory of reverberation chambers, plane wave synthesizers, and other OTA test systems.

Bo Liu, School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

Bo Liu received his B.Sc. degree in Electronic Information Engineering from Xidian University, Xi’an, China, in 2019. He received his M.Sc. degree from the School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2022. His research interests include MIMO antennas and the decoupling of MIMO antennas.

Xiaobo Liu, School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

Xiaobo Liu (Member, IEEE) was born in Baoji, China, in 1992. He received his B.Eng. degree in Information Engineering and his Ph.D. degree in Electronic Science and Technology from Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China, in 2014 and 2018, respectively. From 2018 to 2020, he was a Research Associate with Xi’an Jiaotong University. Since 2020, he has been a Post-Doctoral Fellow in Applied Mathematics and an Assistant Professor with Xi’an Jiaotong University. He has authored or coauthored more than 20 articles in international and domestic journals and conferences. His research interests include electromagnetic and microwave theory, computational electromagnetics, metasurface, antenna design, and microwave circuit.

Dr. Liu serves as a reviewer for the following IEEE journals: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques (TMTT), the IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters (MWCL), and the IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters (AWPL).

Zhengpeng Wang, School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China

Zhengpeng Wang (M’15) was born in Shandong, China, in 1981. He received his B.Sc. degree in Electronic Science and Technology from Shandong University, Jinan, China, in 2004, and his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology from Beihang University, Beijing, China, in 2007 and 2012, respectively.

He was a Visiting Researcher with the Antenna and Applied Electromagnetic Laboratory, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., in 2009 and 2010. From 2013 to 2015, he was a Research Fellow with the University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K., and the University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China. He is currently an Associate Professor at Beihang University. His current research interests include over-the-air (OTA) testing, reconfigurable antennas, compact antenna test range feed antenna and antenna measurement.

Lei Zhao, School of Information and Control Engineering China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 100083, China

Lei Zhao (Senior Member, IEEE), received his B.S. degree in Mathematics from Jiangsu Normal University, China, in 1997. He received his M.S. degree in Computational Mathematics and Ph.D. degree in Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Technology, both from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, in 2004 and 2007, respectively.

He joined the China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, in 2019, where he is currently a Full Professor. From September 2009 to December 2018, he worked at Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China. From August 2007 to August 2009, he worked at the Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, as a Research Associate. From February 2011 to April 2011, he worked at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, as a Research Fellow. From September 2016 to September 2017, he worked at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA, as a Visiting Scholar. He has authored or coauthored more than 90 refereed journal and conference papers. His current research interests include spoof surface plasmon polaritons theory and its applications, RF/microwave antenna and filter design, computational electromagnetics, and electromagnetic radiation on the human body.

Dr. Zhao serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE Access, an Associate Editor-in-Chief and reviewer for the Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal and is a reviewer for multiple journals and conferences including IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, and other primary electromagnetics and microwave-related journals.

Xiaoming Chen, School of Information and Communications Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

Xiaoming Chen received his B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China, in 2006, and M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2007 and 2012, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, he was a postdoctoral researcher at that same university. From 2014 to 2017, he was with Qamcom Research & Technology AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. Since 2017, he has been a professor at Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China. His research areas include MIMO antennas, over-the-air testing and reverberation chambers, and has published more than 150 journal articles on these topics.

Prof. Chen currently serves as a Senior Associate Editor for IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. He was the general chair of the IEEE International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT) in 2021. He won first prize for the universities’ scientific research results in Shaanxi province, China, 2022. He received the IEEE outstanding Associate Editor awards in 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and the URSI (International Union of Radio Science) Young Scientist Award in 2017 and 2018.

Zhiqin Wang, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing, 100191, China

Zhiqin Wang is the vice president of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology. She is the chair of the CCSA Wireless Technical Committee. She is dedicated to pioneering research and practice in the field of mobile communications, and has specialized in mobile communications’ technical research and standards. She is the chair of IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group in China and the vice chief engineer of the major project “New Generation Broadband Wireless Mobile Telecommunications”.

References

J. E. Hansen, Spherical Near-Field Antenna Measurements, Peter Peregrinus, London, UK, 1988.

T. M. Gemmer and D. Heberling, “Accurate and efficient computation of antenna measurements via spherical wave expansion,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 8266-8269, Dec. 2020.

T. B. Hansen, “Spherical near-field scanning with higher-order probes,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 4049-4059, Nov. 2011.

T. Laitinen, S. Pivnenko, J. M. Nielsen, and O. Breinbjerg, “Theory and practice of the FFT/matrix inversion technique for probe-corrected spherical near-field antenna measurements with high-order probes,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2623-2631, Aug. 2010.

R. Cornelius and D. Heberling, “Spherical near-field scanning with pointwise probe correction,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 995-997, Feb. 2017.

L. Zhiping, Z. Wang, and W. Jianhua, “Computer reconstructed holographic technique for phase-less near-field measurement,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1199-1204, Sep. 2021.

F. S. de Adana, O. Gutiérrez, L. Lozano, and M. Cátedra, “A new iterative method to compute the higher order contributions to the scattered field by complex structures,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 115-126, Jun. 2022.

J. Zheng, X. Chen, X. Liu, M. Zhang, B. Liu, and Y. Huang, “An improved method for reconstructing antenna radiation pattern in a loaded reverberation chamber,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 71, Art. no. 8001812, 2022.

Q. Xu, Y. Huang, L. Xing, C. Song, Z. Tian, S. S. Alja’afreh, and M. Stanley, “3-D antenna radiation pattern reconstruction in a reverberation chamber using spherical wave decomposition,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1728-1739, Apr. 2017.

R. R. Alavi and R. Mirzavand, “Range extension in partial spherical near-field measurement using machine learning algorithm,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2003-2007, Nov. 2020.

X. Li, T. Zhang, M. Wei, and L. Yang, “Reduction of truncation errors in planar near-field antenna measurements using improved Gerchberg–Papoulis algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 5972-5974, Sept. 2020.

K. T. Kim, “Truncation-error reduction in spherical near-field scanning using Slepian sequences: Formulation for scalar waves,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 2813-2823, Aug. 2011.

F. J. Cano-Facila, S. Pivnenko, and M. Sierra-Castañer, “Reduction of truncation errors in planar, cylindrical, and partial spherical near-field antenna measurements,” Int. J. Antennas Propag., pp. 186-187, 2012.

O. M. Bucci and M. D. Migliore, “A new method for avoiding the truncation error on near-field antenna measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 2940-2952, Oct. 2006.

E. Martini, O. Breinbjerg, and S. Maci, “Reduction of truncation errors in planar near-field aperture antenna measurements using the Gerchberg-Papoulis algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag., vol. 56, no.11, pp. 3485-3493, Nov. 2008.

O. M. Bucci and M. D. Migliore, “A new method for avoiding the truncation error on near-field antenna measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antenna Propag., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 2940-2952, Oct. 2006.

F. D’Agostino, F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, G. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, “On the direct non-redundant near-field-to-far-field transformation in a cylindrical scanning geometry,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 130-138, Feb. 2012.

F. D’Agostino, F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, “Non-redundant spherical NF-FF transformations using ellipsoidal antenna modeling: Experimental assessments [measurements corner],” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 166-175, Aug. 2013.

B. Hofmann, O. Neitz, and T. F. Eibert, “On the minimum number of samples for sparse recovery in spherical antenna near-field measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 7597-7610, Dec. 2019.

C. Culotta-López and D. Heberling, “Adaptive sampling for compressed spherical near-field measurements,” Antenna Measurement Techniques Association Symposium (AMTA), Newport, RI, pp. 1-6, 2020.

F. R. Varela, B. G. Iragüen, and M. Sierra-Castañer, “Application of nonuniform FFT to spherical near-field antenna measurements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 11, pp. 7571-7579, Nov. 2020.

F. R. Varela, B. G. Iragüen, and M. Sierra-Castañer, “Near-field to far-field transformation on arbitrary surfaces via multi-level spherical wave expansion,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 500-508, Jan. 2020.

R. R. Alavi, R. Mirzavand, J. Doucette, and P. Mousavi, “An adaptive data acquisition and clustering technique to enhance the speed of spherical near-field antenna measurements,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 2325-2329, Nov. 2019.

Y. Wang, T. F. Eibert, and Z. Nie, “Adaptive cross approximation algorithm accelerated inverse equivalent current method for near-field antenna measurement,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1874-1883, Mar. 2019.

R. R. Alavi, R. Mirzavand, and P. Mousavi, “Fast and accurate near-field to far-field transformation using an adaptive sampling algorithm and machine learning,” IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting, Atlanta, GA, pp. 225-226, 2019.

T. F. Eibert, E. Kı

lı

ç, C. Lopez, R. A. Mauermayer, O. Neitz, and G. Schnattinger, “Electromagnetic field transformations for measurements and simulations (invited paper),” Prog. Electromagn. Res., vol. 151, pp. 127-150, May 2015.

J. Zheng, X. Chen, and Y. Huang, “An effective antenna pattern reconstruction method for planar near-field measurement system,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 71, Art. no. 8005012,Jul. 2022.

Downloads

Published

2023-05-30

How to Cite

[1]
F. . Peng, “Combined Application of Partition Clustering Classification and Gerchberg-Papoulis Optimization Algorithm for Spherical Near Field Antenna Measurements”, ACES Journal, vol. 38, no. 01, pp. 45–53, May 2023.

Issue

2023: Vol 38 Iss 1

Section

Antennas, Metasurfaces, and Testing Methodologies for 5G/6G Communication