Iterative WCIP Approach for Modeling Zero Index Metamaterials With Lumped Materials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/2024.ACES.J.400702Keywords:
Cells, inductance-capacity modeling, transmission lines, wave concept iterative procedure method, zero-refractive index materialsAbstract
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into zero-refractive index materials (ZIMs) through the application of transmission lines modeled by their inductance-capacity (L-C) representation. Using the wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP) method, the study accurately simulates the behavior of ZIMs, demonstrating their unique ability to maintain consistent phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves across a ZIM region. Our results show that ZIMs enhance the electromagnetic directivity of a source by 30% compared to conventional materials and facilitate seamless, reflection-free transitions between waveguides of varying sections. The simulation results of the electric field E for the narrow section waveguide align closely with theoretical expectations for ZIMs, showing less than 2% deviation. These quantitative findings validate the superior performance of ZIMs in maintaining wave coherence and improving directivity. When compared to existing materials, ZIMs offer a significant improvement in transmission efficiency, with a 25% reduction in signal loss. These advancements position ZIMs as a promising solution for applications in telecommunications, radar, and wireless transmission systems, outperforming current state-of-the-art technologies.
Downloads
References
A. K. Jha, A. Lamecki, M. Mrozowski, and M. Bozzi, “A highly sensitive planar microwave sensor for detecting direction and angle of rotation,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1598-1609, 2020.
M. Romolo, “Equivalent circuits for microwave metamaterial planar components,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 7, p. 2212, 2024.
H. Aymen, Z. Houaneb, and H. Zairi, “A terahertz tunable attenuator based on hybrid metal–graphene structure on spoof surface plasmon polaritons waveguide,” Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 644, p. 414208, 2022.
B. Souad, A. Mehadji, and B. Hadjira, “Iterative approach investigation on the fractal Hilbert curve low-pass filters: Analysis and measurements,” Journal of Computational Electronics, vol. 19, pp. 1695-1704, 2020.
E. Yang, U. Patel, M. A. Barry, A. McEwan, and P. C. Qian, “Microwave antenna design for cardiovascular applications: A comparison between a balanced and unbalanced microwave ablation antenna,” IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, vol. 7, no. 4, 2023.
A. Hlali, Z. Houaneb, and H. Zairi, “Modeling of magnetically biased graphene coupler at terahertz frequency through an improved anisotropic WCIP method,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 1-8, 2020.
A. M. Karim, T. Elbellili, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand, “Wave propagation in RH/LH periodic lumped circuits using iterative method WCIP,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, vol. 82, pp. 29-38, 2019.
M. Anouar, M. A. Ennasar, L. Setti, and F. Mustapha, “Design, analysis, of high-performance antennas for 5G communications analysis using WCIP,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 135, pp. 211-226, 2023.
O. Afef, A. Hlali, and H. Zairi, “Numerical investigation of a new sensor for blood glucose detection using an improved wave concept iterative process method,” International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, vol. 35, p. e3001, 2022.
A. M. Karim, H. Baudrand, T. Elbellili, and A. Gharsallah, “Almost periodic lumped elements structure modeling using iterative method: Application to photonic jets and planar lenses,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, vol. 55, pp. 121-132, 2017.
E. Taieb, M. K. Azizi, L. Latrach, H. Trabelsi, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand, “Characterization of the composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterial circuits using iterative method WCIP,” International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1645-1652, 2017.
M. K. Azizi, T. Elbellili, H. Baudrand, and H. Trabelsi, “Transmission line approach of zero-index metamaterials and applications using a wave concept iterative method,” International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 244-254, 2019.
A. Gharsallah, A. Gharbi, L. Desclos, and H. Baudrand,” Analysis of interdigital capacitor and quasi-lumped miniaturized filters using iterative method,” International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 169-179, 2002.
H. Trabelsi, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand, “Analysis of microwave circuits including lumped elements based on the iterative method,” International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 269-275, 2003.
A. Noemen and H. Baudrand, “WCIP method for multiple-loop antennas around a spherical media,” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 666-674, 2019.
A. Sassi, N. Sboui, A. Gharbi, and H. Baudrand, “Modeling of waveguide filter using wave concept iterative procedure,” Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 13-22, 2021.
A. Hlali and H. Zairi, “Performance analysis of dynamically controllable terahertz grounded coplanar waveguide attenuator based on graphene using wave concept iterative process method,” International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 31, no. 2, p. e22517,2021.
G. Vincensius, “The simulation of the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a material with various thicknesses using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD),” Valley International Journal Digital Library, vol. 57, no. 61, 2023.
S. Gedney, “Introduction to the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for electromagnetics,” Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2022.
J. Wang and Q. Ren, “A 3-D hybrid Maxwell’s Equations Finite-Difference Time-Domain (ME-FDTD)/Wave Equation Finite Element Time-Domain (WE-FETD) method,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 5212-5220, 2023.
P. Liu, J. Li, and V. Dinavahi, “Matrix-free nonlinear finite-element solver using transmission-line modeling on GPU,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1-5, 2019.
A. Ragusa, H. Sasse, and A. Duffy, “1.5 D Transmission Line Matrix Model to account for skin effects and impedance mismatches in transmission lines,” in 2022 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO), Limoges, France, pp. 1-4, 2022.
E. Peter and C. Vanneste, “Huygens’ principle in the transmission line matrix method (TLM). Local theory,” International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 175-178, 2003.
Z. Chen and M. M. Ney, “On the relationship between the time-domain and frequency-domain TLM methods,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 7, pp. 46-49, 2008.
S. Iman and S. M. Riad, “TFDTLM-a new computationally efficient frequency-domain transmission-line-matrix method,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1089-1097, 2000.
Z. Houaneb, H. Zairi, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand,” A new wave concept iterative method in cylindrical coordinates for modeling of circular planar circuits,” in Eighth International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, 2011.
S. K. Podilchak, A. P. Freundorfer, and Y. M. M. Antar, “Planar surface-wave sources and metallic grating lenses for controlled guided-wave propagation,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 371-374, 2009.
M. Anouar, L. Setti, and R. Haffar. “Design, analysis, and modeling using WCIP method of novel microstrip patch antenna for THz applications,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 125, pp. 67-82, 2022.
S. Alayet, J. Y. Siddiqui, Y. Antar, and A. Gharsallah, “Characterization of UWB antipodal tapered slot antenna using wave concept iterative procedure,” in 2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC), 2015.
L. Latrach, M. K. Azizi, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand, “Study of one dimensional almost periodic structure using a novel WCIP method,” International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation, vol. 4, no. 6, 2014.
D. Hadri, A. Zugari, and A. Zakriti, “Conception and characterisation of a novel 5_Shaped antenna for 5G application using WCIP method,” Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 69-79, 2021.
M. K. Azizi, L. Latrach, A. Gharsallah, and H. Baudrand, “Analytic model of a one-dimensional quasi-periodic structure by using a novel WCIP method,” International Journal of Electrical Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, vol. 43, no. 12, 2012.
N. Raveu, T. P. Vuong, I. Terrasse, G.-P. Piau, and H. Baudrand, “Near fields evaluated with the wave concept iterative procedure method for an E-polarisation plane wave scattered by cylindrical strips,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 403- 406, 2003.
T. Zhai, J. Shi, S. Chen, D. Liu, and X. Zhang, “Achieving laser ignition using zero index metamaterials,” Optics Letters, vol. 36, no. 14, pp. 2689-2691, 2011.
H. F. Ma, J. H. Shi, B. G. Cai, and T. J. Cui, “Total transmission and super reflection realized by anisotropic zero-index materials,” New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 12, p. 123010, 2012.
