A Wideband, High Gain and Low Sidelobe Array Antenna for Modern ETC Systems

Authors

  • Lan T. Tran Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
  • Chinh D. Khuat Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
  • Lam V. Phi Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.ACES.J.380506

Keywords:

circularly polarized antenna, FFETC, High Gain, metasurface, RSU antenna, wideband antenna.

Abstract

Modern electronic toll collection (ETC) systems are currently moving towards a system design that is capable of fast and optimal payment handling for a single lane. Thus, the antenna of a roadside reader unit (RSU) needs to provide sufficient coverage over the vehicle lane during a payment cycle. In this paper, a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) 2×4 array antenna is proposed for European standard RSU readers at 5.8 GHz. The proposed array antenna consists of patch element antennas with parasitic elements to enhance gain and bandwidth. Sequential phase rotation feeding networks are applied to make the antenna low-profile. By using the optimized nut-shaped metasurface, the antenna can achieve higher gain due to concentrated radiation power in the boresight direction. The antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.34 GHz (37.73%), axis ratio bandwidth of 2.07 GHz (32.9%), high gain of 17 dBi, and sidelobe level (SLL) lower than -15 dB at 5.8 GHz. Especially, half-power beamwidths are 34∘ and 17∘ in horizontal and vertical planes, respectively, which covers sufficient space for a single lane while avoiding interference with other lanes. The performance of the proposed antenna is verified by measured results. It showed that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for ETC applications.

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Author Biographies

Lan T. Tran, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

Lan T. Tran was born in Haiphong, Vietnam, in 1988. She received her B.S. and M.S. degrees in telecommunication engineering from the University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2011 and 2013, respectively. She received her Ph.D. degree in computer, physics, and electrical engineering from Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan. She is now a lecturer at the University of Transport and Communications. Her current research interest is the design of antennas for wireless communication systems.

Chinh D. Khuat, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

Chinh D. Khuat was born in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2000. He is studying Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering at the University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam. His current research interest is the design of antennas for ETC systems and rectennas for RF energy harvesting.

Lam V. Phi, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

Lam V. Phi received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2011 and 2014, respectively. He received his Ph.D. degree in physics, electrical, and computer engineering from Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan, in 2019. His current research interests include robotics, AI, control theory, motion control, internet of thing (IoT) and intelligent transport system (ITS).

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Published

2023-09-18

How to Cite

[1]
L. T. . Tran, C. D. . Khuat, and L. V. . Phi, “A Wideband, High Gain and Low Sidelobe Array Antenna for Modern ETC Systems”, ACES Journal, vol. 38, no. 05, pp. 333–342, Sep. 2023.

Issue

2023: Vol 38 Iss 5

Section

Articles