Rigorous Analysis and Design of Resistor-Loaded Patch Antennas with Flexible Gain for Indoor Radar Sensors

Authors

  • Shu-Wei Yu College of Information Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
  • Xiao Zhang College of Information Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
  • Qiong-Sen Wu School of Integrated Circuits Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
  • Lei Zhu Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
  • Tao Yuan College of Information Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
  • Xian-Qin Hu Avary Holding (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd Shenzhen, 518060, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.ACES.J.381008

Keywords:

Cavity model, flexible gain, indoor motion radar, resistor-loaded patch antennas

Abstract

A high-precision cavity model of resistor-loaded patch antenna (RLPA) with adjustable gain is proposed and rigorously studied in this article. In our analysis, the loaded resistors are perceived as controlled current sources, thus the RLPA can be solved as a modified cavity model. Accurate expressions of field distribution, input impedance, and radiation patterns are derived in this way, and a gratifying agreement has been achieved between the calculated and simulated results. Based on this approach, RLPAs for indoor motion radar are designed and analyzed. Comprehensive analysis is conducted to reveal the loading effect on radiation gain, radiation efficiency, and quality factor of RLPAs under various circumstances. Through altering the value of the loaded resistance, its radiation gain and coverage range can be flexibly adjusted. Besides, enhanced operating bandwidth and improved performance stability are also achieved due to the loaded resistors. Last but not least, several indoor motion radars based on the proposed patches are carried out and measured, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed method and design.

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Author Biographies

Shu-Wei Yu, College of Information Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

Shu-Wei Yu was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. He received the B.Eng. degree in electronic information engineering from Zhejiang University in 2016. Currently, he is a pursuing the M.Eng. degree in communication engineering in Shenzhen University. His research mainly focuses on impedance loaded patch antennas and circularly-polarized antennas.

Xiao Zhang, College of Information Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

Xiao Zhang was born in Gaozhou, Guangdong, China. He received the B.Eng. degree in information engineering and the M.Eng. degree in communication and information systems from the South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China, in 2017.

From September 2012 to August 2014, he was a research assistant with Comba Telecom Systems Limited, Guangzhou, China. From January 2018 to March 2018, he was a research fellow with the Antenna and Electromagnetic-Wave Laboratory in University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China. In 2018, he joined the College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, where he is currently an associate professor. His research interests include high-gain antennas, wideband antennas, circularly-polarized antennas, terminal antennas, filtering antennas, reflectarray, and characteristic mode analysis.

Dr. Zhang was the recipient of the Scientific and Technological R&D Award for Postgraduates of Macau in 2018. He was recognized as the Shenzhen Overseas High Caliber Personnel Level C in 2018. He was recognized as the Top 2% Scientists in 2019 and 2022 by Elsevier. He also serves as a reviewer for several journals, including the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation and the IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

Qiong-Sen Wu, School of Integrated Circuits Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

Qiong-Sen Wu received the B.Eng. degree in information engineering and the M.Eng. degree in electromagnetism and microwave engineering from South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China, in 2018.

He joined the Antenna and Electromagnetic-Wave Laboratory in University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China, as a research fellow in May 2018. He is currently an associate professor with the School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology. His current research interests include microwave circuits and planar antennas with improved functionalities. He also serves as a reviewer for several journals, including the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation and the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

Lei Zhu, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China

Lei Zhu (Fellow, IEEE) received the B.Eng. and M.Eng. Degrees in radio engineering from the Nanjing Institute of Technology (now Southeast University), Nanjing, China, in 1985 and 1988, respectively, and the Ph.D. Degree in electronic engineering from the University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, in 1993.

From 1993 to 1996, he was a Research Engineer with Matsushita-Kotobuki Electronics Industries Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. From 1996 to 2000, he was a Research Fellow with the École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. From 2000 to 2013, he was an Associate Professor with the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He joined the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China, as a Full Professor in August 2013, was promoted as a Distinguished Professor in December 2016, and then as a Chair Professor in October 2023. From August 2014 to August 2017, he served as the Head of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Macau. So far, he has authored or coauthored more than 810 papers in international journals and conference proceedings. His papers have been cited more than 16,600 times with the H-index of 63 (source: Scopus). His research interests include microwave circuits, antennas, periodic structures, transmitting/reflecting surfaces and computational electromagnetics.

Dr. Zhu was the Associate Editors for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES (2010-2013) and IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS (2006-2012). He served as a General Chair of the 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on the Art of Miniaturizing RF and Microwave Passive Components, Chengdu, China, and a Technical Program Committee Co-Chair of the 2009 Asia–Pacific Microwave Conference, Singapore. He served as the member of IEEE MTT-S Fellow Evaluation Committee (2013-2015), and as the member of IEEE AP-S Fellows Committee (2015-2017). He was the recipient of the 1997 Asia–Pacific Microwave Prize Award, the 1996 Silver Award of Excellent Invention from Matsushita-Kotobuki Electronics Industries Ltd., the 1993 Achievement Award in Science and Technology (first prize) from the National Education Committee of China, the 2020 FST Research Excellence Award from the University of Macau, the 2020 and 2022 Macao Natural Science Awards (Second Prize) from the Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT), Macau, and the 2024 IEEE MTT-S Microwave Application Award. He was elevated to the IEEE Fellow in November, 2011.

Tao Yuan, College of Information Engineering Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

Tao Yuan received the B.E. degree in electronic engineering and the M.E. degree in signal and information processing at Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China, in 1999 and 2003, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering at National University of Singapore, Singapore, in 2009.

He was a visiting scholar at University of Houston (2007–2008). He is now a distinguished professor (2016-till now) with the College of Electronics and Information Engineering at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. He is the director of the Guangdong Provincial Mobile Terminal Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antenna Engineering Research Center and the deputy director of the Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Big Data Imaging and Communication. He is a visiting professor (2021-till now) at Chongqing University, China, and an adjunct professor (2021-till now) at Fudan University, China. He is leading a group of over 70 members performing fundamental and application studies in the areas of RF/microwave/millimeter-wave frontend devices, antennas, ICs, and advanced manufacturing techniques for microwaves and microelectronics. He has PIed/co-PIed over 20 governmental and entrepreneurial research projects on 5G MIMO antennas (arrays), transmission lines, and packaged antennas for smart IoT/mobile terminals. His current research interests include design and implementation of novel RF frontend chips/modules and integrated devices/antennas/circuits for 5G/6G applications. He has advised over 40 graduate students and has authored/co-authored over 150 international journal and conference publications. He is holding over 100 licensed CN patents. He has co-authored 2 books: Antenna Design for 5G Mobile Terminals (Posts & Telecom Press, 2021) and Practical Design and Development of FPGA—Based on Xilinx and Verilog HDL (Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2023).

Dr. Yuan is a member of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, and the China Communications Standards Association. He is a senior member of the Chinese Institute of Electronics (CIE) and the China Institute of Communications (CIC). He serves as a reviewer for several international journals and conferences and serves as a Guest Editor for Coatings. He is the organizing committee member of APMC2020, Mar-For (2021, 2022) (TPC member), and CSRSWTC2021 (general chair). He serves as a consultant for several research institutions and ICT companies in China. He received numerous teaching, entrepreneurial, and talent awards in China. He is the recipient of the Outstanding Individual Award (2018), the Outstanding Graduate Student Advisor (2021), the Excellent Undergraduate Thesis Instructor (2022), and the Undergraduate Teaching Outstanding Contribution Award (2022) from Shenzhen University and the co-recipient of the CIC Science and Technology Second Place Award (2020) and the Excellent Teaching Management Team of Tencent Team Award (2022). His students and group members have received over 150 scholarships/awards in China and international conferences, including the CSRSWTC2021 Best Paper Award and the IEEE RWW2022 student paper competition finalist.

Xian-Qin Hu, Avary Holding (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd Shenzhen, 518060, China

Xian-Qin Hu received the B.E. degree in chemical engineering and technology from Anhui University of Science and Technology in 2006. He has been engaging in the research and development of new technologies, new materials, new products, and new processes for printed circuit boards at Avary Holding (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

He is currently the research and development manager of the Avary Holding R&D Center (Shenzhen), and director of the Guangdong Flexible Printed Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center.

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Published

2024-03-15

How to Cite

[1]
S.-W. Yu, X. Zhang, Q.-S. Wu, L. Zhu, T. Yuan, and X.-Q. . Hu, “Rigorous Analysis and Design of Resistor-Loaded Patch Antennas with Flexible Gain for Indoor Radar Sensors”, ACES Journal, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 807–816, Mar. 2024.

Issue

2023: Vol 38 Iss 10

Section

Mode-inspired antennas/circuits for 5G/6G applications

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