Impact Evaluation of an External Point Source to a Generalized Model of the Human Neck

Authors

  • Anna A. Varvari Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
  • Dimitrios I. Karatzidis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
  • Tadao Ohtani Independent Researcher Asahikawa, 070–0841, Japan
  • Yasushi Kanai Department of Niigata Institute of Technology Kashiwazaki, 945–1195, Japan
  • Nikolaos V. Kantartzis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-7838

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2024.ACES.J.390306

Keywords:

biomedical engineering, computational electromagnetics, Green’s function methods, wireless body area networks

Abstract

A methodical approach for assessing the effects of an external point source to a non-spherical model of the human neck is presented in this paper. The neck model consists of multilayered spheres to represent the skin, fat, muscle tissues, thyroid, and esophagus. The novel geometry enables the formulation of dyadic Green’s functions to accurately calculate the electric fields, considering the suitable surface boundary conditions and the superposition principle. Numerical outcomes for a Hertz dipole (i.e., a wireless network antenna) at the frequency of 2.4 GHz certify the benefits of the technique and elaborately describe the responsiveness of the neck/thyroid to the selected source.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Anna A. Varvari, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece

Anna A. Varvari received the Diploma in electrical and computer engineering from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2023, where she is pursuing her Ph.D. degree. Her research is on numerical electromagnetics, Green’s functions methodologies, wireless body area networks, bioelectromagnetics, and scattering.

Dimitrios I. Karatzidis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece

Dimitrios I. Karatzidis received the Diploma and Ph.D. degrees in electrical & computer engineering from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1999 and 2009, respectively. In 2017, he joined the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki as a member of the Instructional Laboratory Personnel. His research interests include numerical electromagnetics, metamaterials, and antenna/waveguide optimization.

Tadao Ohtani, Independent Researcher Asahikawa, 070–0841, Japan

Tadao Ohtani received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan, in 1983 and 1985, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from Kitami Institute of Technology, Japan, in 2005. From 1985 to 2011, he worked as a researcher at Nagoya Aerospace Systems of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Currently, he is an independent researcher. His research interests include numerical analysis of electromagnetic fields for aircraft design via the FDTD and the NS-FDTD method.

Yasushi Kanai, Department of Niigata Institute of Technology Kashiwazaki, 945–1195, Japan

Yasushi Kanai (Fellow, ACES) received Bachelor Degree, Master of Engineering Degree, and Ph.D. in information engineering from Niigata University, Japan, in 1982, 1984, and 1989, respectively.

From 1984 to 1992, he worked as an engineer at Alps Electric Co., Ltd. In 1992–1995, he was an associate professor at Dept. of Information Engineering, Niigata University. In 1995, he joined the Engineering Dept., Niigata Institute of Technology, Kashiwazaki, Japan, where he is a professor. In 2002–2003, he has been at the Florida International University, USA, as a visiting scholar. He has authored/co-authored more than 180 journal papers, more than 260 international conference records, more than 250 national conference records, and several book chapters. He specializes in micromagnetic analysis and in wave propagation via the NS-FDTD analysis.

Nikolaos V. Kantartzis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece

Nikolaos V. Kantartzis received the Diploma and Ph.D. degrees in electrical & computer engineering from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1994 and 1999, respectively. In 1999, he joined the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, where he is a professor. He has authored/coauthored 4 books, more than 190 peer-reviewed journal papers, and more than 300 publications in conference proceedings. His research interests include computational electromagnetics, EMC, scattering, metamaterials, antennas, and waveguides.

References

Z. Jiang, W. Liu, R. Ma, S. H. Shirazi, and Y. Xie, “Lightweight healthcare wireless body area network scheme with amplified security,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 125739–125752, 2021.

L. Liu, J. Shi, F. Han, X. Tang, and J. Wang, “In-body to on-body channel characterization and modeling based on heterogeneous human models at HBC-UWB band,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 22, no. 20, pp. 19772–19785, 2022.

Y. Liao, M. S. Leeson, and M. D. Higgins, “A communication link based on biological implant wireless body area networks,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Journal, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 619–628, 2016.

K. Sun, L. Peng, Q. Li, X. Li, and X. Jiang, “Compact zeroth-order resonance loaded microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth for WBAN/brain activity detection,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Journal, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 631–640, 2018.

L. Berkelmann, H. Jäschke, L. Mörlein, L. Grundmann, and D. Manteuffel, “Antenna optimization for WBAN based on spherical wave functions de-embedding,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 11033–11044, 2022.

A. Darvazehban and T. Rezaee, “Ultra-wideband microstrip antenna for body centric communications,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) Journal, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 355–358, 2018.

A. Moin, A. Thielens, A, Araujo, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, and J. M. Rabaey, “Adaptive body area networks using kinematics and biosignals,” IEEE J. Biomed. Health Informat., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 623–633, 2020.

T. Alkayyali, O. Ochuba, K. Srivastava, J. K. Sandhu, C. Joseph, S. W. Ruo, A. Jain, A. Waqar, and S. Poudel, “An exploration of the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by mobile phones and extremely low frequency radiation on thyroid hormones and thyroid gland histopathology,” Cureus, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 17329(1–10),2021.

S. Li, M. Yang, H. Guo, M. Liu, S. Xu, and H. Peng, “Microwave ablation vs traditional thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules: A prospective, non-randomized cohort study,” Acad. Radiol., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 801–879, 2022.

J. Rizkalla, W. Tilbury, A. Helmy, V. K. Suryadevara, M. Rizkalla, and M. M. Holdmann, “Computer simulation/practical models for human thyroid thermographic imaging,” J. Biomed. Sci. Eng., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 246–256, 2015.

J. Wang and G. Xiao, “Electromagnetic-thermal analysis of the effect of microwave ablation of thyroid nodules,” in Proc. Photon. & Electromagn. Research Symp. (PIERS), pp. 2424–2432, 2021.

G. Gu, J. Shi, J. Zhang, and M. Zhao, “Dyadic Green’s function and the application of two-layer model,” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1688(1–20), 2020.

C.-T. Tai, Dyadic Green Functions in Electromagnetic Theory, Piscataway, NY: IEEE Press, 1994.

P. De Tillieux and Y. Goussard, “Biomedical magnetic induction tomography: An inhomogeneous Green’s function approach,” in Proc. ACES Conf., pp. 1–2, 2018.

D. P. Chrissoulidis and J. M. Laheurte, “Radiation from an encapsulated hertz dipole implanted in a human torso model,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 4984–4992, 2016.

D. P. Chrissoulidis and J. M. Laheurte, “Dyadic Green’s function of a nonspherical model of the human torso,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1265–1274, 2014.

CST Studio Suite: Electromagnetic Field Simulation Software, Dassault Systemes, 2021.

Downloads

Published

2024-03-31

How to Cite

[1]
A. A. Varvari, D. I. . Karatzidis, T. Ohtani, Y. Kanai, and N. V. Kantartzis, “Impact Evaluation of an External Point Source to a Generalized Model of the Human Neck”, ACES Journal, vol. 39, no. 03, pp. 215–221, Mar. 2024.

Issue

2024: Vol 39 Iss 3

Section

Special issue on Finite Difference Methodologies for Microwave, Optical .....

Categories