An Efficient MLFMA for Accurately Analyzing Electromagnetic Radiation and Coupling Characteristics of Large-scale Antenna Arrays Mounted on Platform
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/2024.ACES.J.390309Keywords:
electromagnetic radiation and coupling, Multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), multi-excitation problems, preconditioner, waveportAbstract
A multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) for analyzing electromagnetic radiation and coupling characteristics of large-scale antenna arrays mounted on the platforms is presented in this paper. Compared with the method of moments (MoM), the MLFMA can be used to calculate larger scale problems with limited resources. First, waveport model of the MLFMA based on the equivalence principle and mode matching theory is established to efficiently and accurately simulate the antenna array. Then, a preconditioning approach for solving the radiation problems with the waveports is designed to improve convergence of the MLFMA. An initial guess construction method is proposed to accelerate the MLFMA computation for the multi-excitation problems, which can reduce the iteration time by at least 50%. Numerical results demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.Downloads
References
C. Zhai, X. Zhao, Z. Lin, and Y. Zhang, “Integrated analysis and optimization of the large airborne Radome-Enclosed antenna system,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 1192–1199, Oct. 2020.
Z. Lin, Y. Chen, X. Zhao, D. Garcia-Donoro, Y. Zhang, and H. Zhang, “Parallel higher-order method of moments with efficient Out-of-GPU memory schemes for solving electromagnetic problems,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 781–788, 2017.
P. Zhou, Z. Zhang, and M. He, “Radiation pattern recovery of the Impaired-Radome-Enclosed antenna array,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 1639–1643, 2020.
Y. Liu, M. Li, R. L. Haupt, and Y. J. Guo, “Synthesizing shaped power patterns for linear and planar antenna arrays including mutual coupling by refined joint rotation/phase optimization,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 4648–4657, 2020.
D. S. Jones, “Field computation by moment methods,” Computer Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 1, 1969.
J. Jin, “The finite element method in electromagnetics,” Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–876, 1993.
X. C. Wei and E. P. Li, “Wide-band EMC analysis of on-platform antennas using impedance-matrix interpolation with the moment method-physical optics method,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 552–556, 2003.
W. Zhao, L. Li, and L. Hu, “Efficient Current-Based hybrid analysis of wire antennas mounted on a large realistic aircraft,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2666–2672, 2010.
Z. Liu, X. Wang, and C. Wang, “Installed performance modeling of complex antenna array mounted on extremely large-scale platform using fast MoM-PO hybrid framework,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 3852–3858, 2014.
L. Dai, Y. J. Xie, C. Zhang, and P. Wu, “Fast optimization of array antenna enclosed by asymmetric radome using AEP combined with enhanced HGAPSO,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 161–171, 2021.
Q. Zhan, Y. Fang, M. Zhuang, M. Yuan, and Q. H. Liu, “Stabilized DG-PSTD method with nonconformal meshes for electromagnetic waves,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 4714–4726, 2020.
Q. Zhan, Y. Wang, Y. Fang, Q. Ren, S. Yang, W. Yin, and Q. H. Liu, “An adaptive High-Order transient algorithm to solve large-scale anisotropic maxwell’s equations,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 2082–2092, 2022.
M. Li, Q. Wu, Z. Lin, Y. Zhang, and X. Zhao, “Novel parallelization of discontinuous galerkin method for transient electromagnetics simulation based on sunway supercomputers,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 795–804, 2022.
I. Mahariq, I. H. Giden, S. Alboon, W. H. F. Aly, A. Youssef, and H. Kurt, “Investigation and analysis of acoustojets by spectral element method,” Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 17, 2022.
I. Mahariq and A. Erciyas, “A spectral element method for the solution of magnetostatic fields,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, vol. 25, pp. 2922–2932, 2017.
I. Mahariq, “On the application of the spectral element method in electromagnetic problems involving domain decomposition,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 1059–1069, 2017.
I. Mahariq, H. Kurt, and M. Kuzuoğlu, “Questioning degree of accuracy offered by the spectral element method in computational electromagnetics,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 30, no. 07, pp. 698–705, 2021.
I. Mahariq, M. Kuzuoğlu, and I. H. Tarman, “On the attenuation of the perfectly matched layer in electromagnetic scattering problems with the spectral element method,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 29, no. 09, pp. 701–710, 2021.
I. Mahariq, I. Arpaci, and M. Kuzuoglu, “Analysis of scattering from perfect electric conducting cylinders by spectral element method,” in 2015 Computational Electromagnetics International Workshop (CEM), pp. 1–2, Izmir, Turkey, 2015.
I. Mahariq, I. Giden, H. Kurt, O. Minin, and I. Minin, “Strong electromagnetic field localization near the surface of hemicylindrical particles,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 50, no. 423, pp. 1–8, 2017.
J. Song, C.-C. Lu, and W. C. Chew, “Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for electromagnetic scattering by large complex objects,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1488–1493, 1997.
W. He, Z. Yang, X. Huang, W. Wang, M. Yang, and X. Sheng, “Solving electromagnetic scattering problems with tens of billions of unknowns using GPU accelerated massively parallel MLFMA,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 5672–5682, 2022.
W.-J. He, Z. Yang, X.-W. Huang, W. Wang, M.-L. Yang, and X.-Q. Sheng, “High-Performance evaluation of the interpolations and anterpolations in the GPU-Accelerated massively parallel MLFMA,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 6231–6236, 2023.
X. Chen, “An MLFMA-Based eigenmode theory for electromagnetic scattering analysis from electrically large and complex conducting objects,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 4254–4261, 2023.
S. Rao, D. Wilton, and A. Glisson, “Electromagnetic scattering by surfaces of arbitrary shape,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 409–418, 1982.
“MUMPS,” https://mumps-solver.org, 2023.
L. Gürel, T. Malas, and O. Ergül, “Preconditioning iterative MLFMA solutions of integral equations,” in 2010 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, pp. 810–813, 2010.