Nanoarray of Vivaldi Rectenna for Infrared-energy Harvesting

Authors

  • Wided Amara Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Abdelaziz Alzahrani 1) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2) K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Ameni Mersani ESPRIT School of Business ZI. Chotrana II, Tunis P.O. Box 160, Tunisia
  • Donia Oueslati Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Ahmed Elsharabasy Electrical and Computer Engineering Department McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
  • Bandar Hakim Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Hatem Rmili 1) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2) K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
  • Atef Elsherbeni Electrical Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2023.ACES.J.380707

Keywords:

Energy harvesting, infrared (IR) energy, MIM diode, rectenna, THz, Vivaldi antenna array

Abstract

This article presents the design of an array of rectennas operating at 28.3 THz for infrared (IR) energy harvesting applications. The basic element of the array consists of a Vivaldi-dipole rectenna composed of two arms made with different conductors (gold and titanium). A metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel diode is used to rectify the THz ac current. The proposed MIM diode consists of a very thin layer of Al2O3 sandwiched between the two metal electrodes. Arrays of two, three, and four rectennas are investigated. The improvement of the energy captured by coupling several elements in the same structure with a common gap is also investigated. This array architecture, without feeding network, may reduce the number of rectifying diodes and, therefore, decrease losses and increase the overall efficiency. Finally, it has been found that the four-elements rectenna array has a maximum electric field intensity of 62.4 × 104 V/m at 28.3 THz.

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Author Biographies

Wided Amara, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Wided Amara has received her B.S. in industrial electronics engineering in October 2015, and the M.S. in smart systems for communication in November 2016, from the National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISO, Tunisia). She received her Ph.D. in tele-communications within the SysCom laboratory, ENIT, Tunis, Tunisia, in 2021. Her field of interest is infrared energy harvesting.

Abdelaziz Alzahrani, 1) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2) K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Abdulaziz Alzahrani was born in Abha, Saudi Arabia, May 1988. He received the MSc. degree in iElectronic / communication engineering with the Department of Electrical Engineering, King Abdul- Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2023. His research interests include energy harvesting, renewable energy, nano-technology, and green power generation.

Ameni Mersani, ESPRIT School of Business ZI. Chotrana II, Tunis P.O. Box 160, Tunisia

Ameni Mersani received a degree in electronics, computer and information science from the University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia, in 2009 and the master thesis in electronics from the Faculty of Science of Tunis, Tunisia, in 2012. She received a Ph.D. in engineering sciences (electronics) from the University of Tunis El Manar, 2018. From September 2018, she has been working as a research assistant in ISET’COM (Department of Telecommunication). From December 2019, she has been a post-doctoral researcher with King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Her research mainly focuses on the development of the design of wearable antennas for wireless applications and metamaterials, dipole antennas, and infrared energy harvesting.

Donia Oueslati, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Donia Oueslati received a degree in electronics, computer and information science from the University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia, in 2008 and the Master thesis in system of communications from National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunisia, in 2011. She received the Ph.D. in engineering sciences from Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, and in telecommunication from UTM in 2017. From April 2017 to August 2018, she was a post-doctoral researcher with Antenna Lab, Université Catholique de Louvain, in collaboration with HEC research center, EMC Lab, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA, and ECE Department, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Since September 2018, she has been working as research assistant at University Catholique de Louvain. Her research mainly focuses on the development of a modal analysis methods for printed structures based on the Method of Moments and singular decomposition to identify a chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) and to localize a reader. Her research interests include ultra-wideband (UWB) optical rectennas for solar energy harvesting, investigation of irregular fractal antennas, and low-profile antenna array and array optimization for 5G applications.

Ahmed Elsharabasy, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada

Ahmed Y. Elsharabasy received a B.Sc. degree in electronics and communications engineering from Cairo University, Egypt, in 2004 with distinction (honors). He joined the Department of Engineering Mathematics and Applied Physics, Cairo University as a teaching and research assistant. In 2012, he received a Master’s degree in engineering mathematics from Cairo University. His master focused on yield optimization of EM-based structures. In this research he carried out statistical optimization using space-mapping surrogates, and utilized HFSS to simulate the microwave circuit performance. In 2014, he joined the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at McMaster University, Canada, as a Ph.D. researcher on IR and THz energy harvesting. His research focused on design, modeling, optimization, fabrication, and characterization of rectenna devices for ambient (waste) thermal energy harvesting and detection applications. He also introduced novel designs of optical antennas and perfect metamaterial absorbers. Additionally, he succeeded in tuning the performance of metal-mesh THz filters via topology optimization to fit with specific applications. He received the McMaster International Excellence Award in 2016, 2017, and 2018. In 2020, Ahmed joined the University of Toronto, Canada, as a postdoctoral research fellow to develop low-power, large-area optical phased array for free-space optical communication in satellite and space applications.

Ahmed is a member of IEEE, OSA, SPIE. He is currently a visiting scholar in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at McMaster University, Canada. Elsharabasy is author/coauthor of 17 journal and conference papers and presentations. His research interests include nano-antennas, MIM diodes, plasmonics, photonics, energy harvesting, and optimization.

Bandar Hakim, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Bandar Hakim is an assistant professor of electrophysics at KAU. He received his Ph.D. degree in electrophysics from the University of Maryland. He worked with the Medical Robotics group at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health at the Food and Drug Administration in Washington, DC, and the Neurology department at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, NY. He served as an industrial consultant in the US, Switzerland, and Germany.

Hatem Rmili, 1) Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2) K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Hatem Rmili received the B.S. degree in general physics from the Science Faculty of Monastir, Tunisia, in 1995, and the DEA diploma from the Science Faculty of Tunis, Tunisia, in quantum mechanics, in 1999. He received the Ph.D. degree in physics (electronics) from both the University of Tunis, Tunisia, and the University of Bordeaux 1, France, in 2004. From December 2004 to March 2005, he was a research assistant in the PIOM laboratory at the University of Bordeaux 1. From March 2005 to March 2007, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Rennes Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, France. From March to September 2007, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the ESEO Engineering School, Angers, France. From September 2007 to August 2012, he was an associate professor with the Mahdia Institute of Applied Science and Technology (ISSAT), Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Tunisia. He is associate professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Rmili’s research interests concern applied electro-magnetic applications involving antennas, metamaterials, and métasurfaces. The main targeted applications are reconfigurable antennas for multi-standard wireless communications systems, security of chipless RFID systems with fractal tags, terahertz photoconductive antennas for infrared energy harvesting, UWB nano-rectennas for collection of solar energy, phase shifters for low-cost 5G communication systems, and microwave absorbing materials for stealth technologies.

Atef Elsherbeni, Electrical Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA

Atef Z. Elsherbeni started his engineering career as a part-time software and system design engineer from March 1980 to December 1982 at the Automated Data System Center, Cairo, Egypt. From January to August 1987, he was a post-doctoral fellow at Manitoba University. He joined the faculty at the University of Mississippi in August 1987 as an assistant professor of Electrical Engineering. He advanced to the rank of associate professor in July 1991 and the rank of professor in July 1997. He was the director of The School of Engineering CAD Lab from August 2002 to August 2013, and the director of the Center for Applied Electromagnetic Systems Research (CAESR) from July 2011 to August 2013. He was appointed Associate Dean of Engineering for Research and Graduate Programs from July 2009 to July 2013 at the University of Mississippi. Elsherbeni became the Dobelman Distinguished Chair and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Colorado School of Mines in August 2013. He was appointed as adjunct professor, at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the L.C. Smith College of Engineering and Computer Science at Syracuse University, in January 2004. He spent a sabbatical term in 1996 at the Electrical Engineering Department, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) and was a visiting professor at Magdeburg University during the summer of 2005 and at the Tampere University of Technology in Finland during the summer of 2007. In 2009, he was selected as Finland Distinguished Professor by the Academy of Finland and TEKES. Elsherbeni is a fellow member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and a fellow member of The Applied Computational Electromagnetic Society (ACES). He is the editor-in-chief for ACES Journal and a past associate editor to the Radio Science Journal.

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Published

2023-12-18

How to Cite

[1]
W. . Amara, “Nanoarray of Vivaldi Rectenna for Infrared-energy Harvesting”, ACES Journal, vol. 38, no. 07, pp. 513–521, Dec. 2023.

Issue

2023: Vol 38 Iss 7

Section

Articles