Low SAR-UWB Rectangular Microstrip Magnetic Monopole Antenna for S-Band and Biomedical Applications

Authors

  • Chemseddine Zebiri Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria
  • Samira Mekki Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria
  • Djamel Sayad Laboratoire d’Electronique de Skikda (LRES) Department of Electrical Engineering, University of 20 Aout 1955-Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
  • Issa Elfergani Instituto de Telecomunicações Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
  • Mohamed Lamine Bouknia Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria
  • Rami Zegadi Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria
  • Atul Varshney Electronics and Communication Engineering Department FET, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be) University, Uttarakhand, India
  • Jonathan Rodriguez Instituto de Telecomunicações Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2025.ACES.J.400306

Keywords:

Biomedical, human phantom model, ISM band, low SAR, RLC-equivalent circuit, S-band, UWB monopole antenna

Abstract

The development of low specific absorption rate (SAR) antennas is crucial for safety and efficiency in wireless communication and biomedical applications. This study introduces a low SAR ultra-wideband (UWB) rectangular microstrip monopole antenna with an extended ground plane. The design operates effectively in free space and on a human body phantom. It achieves a reflection coefficient of -42.59 dB at 2.48 GHz and covers the S-band from 2.31 GHz to 4.12 GHz with a peak gain of 5.09 dBi in free space. The antenna maintains consistent performances when placed on a human phantom. With reverse and front patch faces, its gain improves to 5.53 dBi and 5.80 dBi, respectively. Experimental validation of the fabricated prototype shows excellent agreement with simulations conducted using high-frequency structure simulators (HFSS) and advanced design systems (ADS). Additionally, lumped-element equivalent circuits are used to analyze impedance behavior in both environments, confirming the antenna’s robustdesign.

 

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Author Biographies

Chemseddine Zebiri, Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria

Chemseddine Zebiri received an Engineering degree in Electronics from the University of Constantine, Algeria, in 2001, and a Magister degree from the University of Ferhat Abbas, Algeria, in 2003. He joined the Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Sétif, Algeria, as a senior lecturer in 2006, where he is currently a professor at the same department and Director of the Power Electronics and Industrial Control Laboratory (LEPCI). He received his Ph.D. degree in electronics from the University of Constantine in 2011. Zebiri has published 160 journals and refereed conference papers. His current research interests are dielectric resonator antennas, MIMO antennas, mmWave antennas, magnetic materials, microwave sensors, and complex material components in the microwave and optical domains. Zebiri is the Guest editor/special issue of Electronics “Recent Advances in Antenna Design for 5G Heterogeneous Networks volume II” (ISSN 2079-9292), and Guest Editor/special issue of CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences “Green IoE for Smart 5G and Beyond (5GB) Applications.” He reviews several good-ranked journals such as the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies and Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. He has been on the technical program committee of a large number of international conferences.

Samira Mekki, Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria

Samira Mekki received her master’s degree in telecommunications systems in 2018 from Akli Mohand Oulhadj University of Bouira, Algeria. Currently, she is a Ph.D. student in telecommunication systems at Ferhat Abbas University-Setif, Department of Electronics. Her research interests are in the simulation and fabrication of antennas, MIMO antennas and equivalentcircuits.

Djamel Sayad, Laboratoire d’Electronique de Skikda (LRES) Department of Electrical Engineering, University of 20 Aout 1955-Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria

Djamel Sayad received a Ph.D. degree in electronics from the University of Skikda, Algeria, in 2017. He is currently a Lecturer with the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Skikda. He has several journals and conference articles publications covering a wide area in the design of antennas using metamaterial and dielectric antennas. His current research interests include electromagnetics complex media and microwave propagation and antennas.

Issa Elfergani, Instituto de Telecomunicações Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford, Bradford, UK

Issa Elfergani (Senior Member, IEEE) received M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the University of Bradford, UK, in 2008 and 2013, respectively. Since 2013, he has been working as a Postdoctoral Researcher then as an Investigator Junior at the Mobile Systems Group, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal. In 2014, he received the prestigious FCT Fellowship for his postdoctoral research. The evaluation of the first triennium of this scholarship was given an excellent rating by the evaluators. He is currently a Senior Researcher with the Instituto de Telecomunicações, working with European research- funded projects while leading technical activities in antenna design for ENIAC ARTEMOS (2011-2014), EUREKA BENEFIC (2014-2017), CORTIF (2014-2017), GREEN-T (2011-2014), VALUE (2016-2016), THINGS2DO (2014-2018), H2020-ITN- SECRET (2017-2020), POSITION-II (2018-2021), and Moore4Medical (2019-2023), some of the projects have been successfully concluded and some still ongoing. He is also working on (5GWAR) Novel 5G Millimetre- Wave Array Antennas for Future Mobile Handset Applications as a principal investigator. He is also an Honorary Visiting Research Fellow with the Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, UK. He has around 160 high-impact publications in international conferences, journal papers, and books/book chapters with a Google Scholar H-index of 21. He is a member of IET. He is the Guest Editor/Special Issue of “Electronics Recent Technical Developments in Energy Efficient 5G Mobile Cells” and Special Issue on Recent Advances in Engineering Systems Journal (ASTESJ), a Guest Editor/Special Issue of Electronics “Recent Advances in Antenna Design for 5G Heterogeneous Networks,” and a Guest Editor/Special Issue of Electronics “Unable RF Front-End Circuits for 5G and Beyond: Design, Challenges and Applications.”

Mohamed Lamine Bouknia, Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria

Mohamed Lamine Bouknia received his master’s degree from the University of Ferhat Abbas, Algeria, in 2017 and his Ph.D. degree in telecommunication systems from the University of SETIF, Algeria, in 2022. He is currently a Lecturer with the Electronics Department, University of FERHAT Abbas, SETIF. He has several journals conference articles and publications treating the complex medium the antenna features and the design of antennas. His current research interests include electromagnetics complex media and microwave propagation and antennas.

Rami Zegadi, Laboratoire d’Electronique de Puissance et Commande Industrielle (LEPCI) Department of Electronics, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 1, 19000 Setif, Algeria

Rami Zegadi obtained his bachelor’s degree in Electronics from the University of Ferhat Abbas, Sétif 1, Algeria, in 2015, and his master’s degree from the University of Ferhat Abbas, Algeria, in 2017. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Farhat Abbas, Setif 1, Algeria, in 2021. His dissertation was devoted to the study of light propagation in silicon-based nanostructured waveguides. Since 2021, he has been in the electronics department as a lecturer at the University of Farhat Abbas, Setif 1. He is interested in photonic integrated circuits for optical communication, antennas, and sensing applications.

Atul Varshney, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department FET, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be) University, Uttarakhand, India

Atul Varshney received his Ph.D. at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, India, in 2023, M.Tech. degree in microwaves from Madhav Institute of Engineering and Technology and Science, Gwalior, India in 2008, and B.Tech. degree in electronics and communication engineering from UPTU, Lucknow, India, in 2005. His research interests include the fabrication and design of microstrip to waveguide transitions, ring resonators, microwave filters, all types of antenna design, metamaterial and fractal structures, RLC electrical equivalent circuits generation of any microwave 2D/3D components, filters, frequency and pattern reconfigurable antennas. He is an RF microwave and antenna researcher and published nine patents, more than 75 research articles in SCI and Scopus-indexed journals, conferences, and three national and international books in this particular area.

Jonathan Rodriguez, Instituto de Telecomunicações Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Jonathan Rodriguez (Senior Member, IEEE) received the master’s and Ph.D. degrees in electronic and electrical engineering from the University of Surrey, UK, in 1998 and 2004, respectively. In 2005, he became a Researcher at the Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal. In 2017, he was appointed as a Professor of mobile communications at the University of South Wales, UK. He has served as a Project Coordinator for major international research projects, including Eureka LOOP, FP7 C2POWER, and H2020-SECRET, whilst serving as a Technical Manager for FP7 COGEU and FP7 SALUS. He is the author of more than 500 scientific works, including 11 book editorials. He is a fellow of the IET (FIET) and a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (SFHEA). His professional affiliations include Chartered Engineer (C.Eng.).

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Published

2025-03-30

How to Cite

[1]
C. . Zebiri, “Low SAR-UWB Rectangular Microstrip Magnetic Monopole Antenna for S-Band and Biomedical Applications”, ACES Journal, vol. 40, no. 03, pp. 212–225, Mar. 2025.

Issue

2025: Vol 40 Iss 3

Section

General Submission

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