A Dual-polarized Reflectarray Antenna for High-speed Ka-band Satellite Communications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/2024.ACES.J.390902Keywords:
Antennas, reflectarrays, satellite communicationAbstract
A small-sized reflectarray antenna array with compact production specifications is designed and fabricated for high-speed Ka-band communication systems. In the design phase, firstly, the reflection characteristics of unit cells used in the reflective surface are obtained by the full wave computational analysis tool, CST Microwave Studio. Secondly, an aperture efficiency analysis is carried out to determine the physical size of the reflectarray and the distances between the feeding antenna and the individual unit cells. Then, the entire reflectarray antenna is analyzed by array theory to obtain geometrical dimensions to be used in the fabrication phase. These results are verified by CST Microwave Studio and similar fabrication guidelines are obtained for both TE and TM polarizations. In the fabrication phase, the carefully tailored design parameters of the unit cells are used to build the antenna and measure important parameters such as radiation patterns, gain, cross polarization levels and S11 parameters, which agree with the results obtained in the design phase. The proposed reflectarray antenna makes it possible to support dual-polarized multi-beams in the range 18-20 GHz with stable gain behavior, which makes it possible to use it in high speed 5G satellite communication systems.
Downloads
References
M. H. Dahri, M. I. Abbasi, M. H. Jamaluddin, and M. R. Kamarudin, “A review of high gain and high efficiency reflectarrays for 5G communications,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 5973-5985, 2018.
P. Mei, S. Zhang, and G. F. Pedersen, “A low-cost, high-efficiency and full-metal reflectarray antenna with mechanically 2-D beam-steerable capabilities for 5G applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 6997-7006, Oct. 2020.
Y. Cui, R. Bahr, S. A. Nauroze, T. Cheng, T. S. Almoneef, and M. M. Tentzeris, “3D printed ‘Kirigami’-inspired deployable bi-focal beam-scanning dielectric reflectarray antenna for mm-wave applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 7683-7690, Sep.2022.
P. Mei, S. Zhang, and G. F. Pedersen, “A wideband 3-D printed reflectarray antenna with mechanically reconfigurable polarization,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1798-1802, Oct. 2020.
H. Kim, S. Oh, S. Bang, H. Yang, B. Kim, and J. Oh, “Independently polarization manipulable liquid-crystal-based reflective metasurface for 5G reflectarray and reconfigurable intelligent surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 6606-6616, Aug. 2023.
J. A. Encinar, M. Arrebola, L. F. de la Fuente, and G. Toso, “A transmit-receive reflectarray antenna for direct broadcast satellite applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 3255-3264, Sep. 2011.
S. A. M. Soliman, E. M. Eldesouki, and A. M. Attiya, “Analysis and design of an X-band reflectarray antenna for remote sensing satellite system,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 1166, Feb. 2022.
R. Deng, S. Xu, F. Yang, and M. Li, “An FSS-backed Ku/Ka quad-band reflectarray antenna for satellite communications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 4353-4358, Aug. 2018.
M. Bozzi, S. Germani, and L. Perregrini, “Performance comparison of different element shapes used in printed reflectarrays,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 2, pp. 219-222, 2003.
W. Song, Q. Xue, Y. Cai, N. Guo, K. Liu, S. Li, and H. Ding, “A single-layer reflect-transmit-array antenna with polarization-dependent operation,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 167928-167935, Nov. 2021.
Á. F. Vaquero, R. Florencio, M. R. Pino, and M. Arrebola, “Dual-polarized near-field plane wave generator using an offset-optics reflectarray mm-wave band,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 12370-12375, Dec. 2022.
B. Xi, Y. Cai, Y. Wang, S. Yang, R. Zang, and L. Zhang, “Design of a dual-polarized reflect-transmit-array,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 949-955, Feb. 2020.
S. Yang, Z. Yan, T. Zhang, M. Cai, F. Fan, and X. Li, “Multifunctional tri-band dual-polarized antenna combining transmitarray and reflectarray,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 6016-6021, Sep. 2021.
C. C. Chung, F. P. Lai, S. X. Huang, and Y. S. Chen, “Anisotropic metasurface with asymmetric propagation of electromagnetic waves and enhancements of antenna gain,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 90295-90305, 2021.
J. Yin, Q. Lou, H. Wang, Z. N. Chen, and W. Hong, “Broadband dual-polarized single-layer reflectarray antenna with independently controllable 1-bit dual beams,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3294-3302, June 2021.
Y. Liu, H. Wang, and X. Dong, “Design of a dual polarized broadband single-layer reflectarray based on square spiral element,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research M., vol. 72, pp. 23-30, Aug. 2018.
R. Florencio, D. Martinez-de-Rioja, E. Martinez-de-Rioja, J. A. Encinar, R. R. Boix, and V. Losada, “Design of Ku- and Ka-band flat dual circular polarized reflectarrays by combining variable rotation technique and element size variation,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 6, p. 985, June 2020.
S. Mener, R. Gillard, R. Sauleau, A. Bellion, and P. Potier, “Dual circularly polarized reflectarray with independent control of polarizations,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 1877-1881, Apr. 2015.
N. Zhang, K. Chen, J. Zhao, Q. Hu, K. Tang, J. Zhao, T. Jiang, and Y. Feng, “A dual-polarized reconfigurable reflectarray antenna based on dual-channel programmable metasurface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 7403-7412, Sep. 2022.
P. Aghabeyki, Y. Cai, G. Deng, Z.-H. Tan, and S. Zhang, “A dual-polarized reconfigurable reflectarray with a thin liquid crystal layer and 2-D beam scanning,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 3282-3293, Apr. 2023.
W. Li, H. Tu, Y. He, L. Zhang, S.-W. Wong, and S. Gao, “A novel wideband tightly coupled dual-polarized reflectarray antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 5422-5427, June 2023.
L. X. Wu, Q. Hu, X. Y. Luo, J. Zhao, T. Jiang, K. Chen, and Y. Feng, “Wideband dual-feed dual-polarized reflectarray antenna using anisotropic metasurface,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 129-133, Jan. 2022.
I. Aryanian, A. Ahmadi, M. Rabbani, S. Hassibi, and M. Karimipour, “Design and fabrication of a dual-polarized, dual-band reflectarray using optimal phase distribution,” Turk. J. Elec. Eng. & Comp. Sci., pp. 878-888, Mar. 2019.
S. Li, Y. Cao, Y. B. Zhang, and T. Wu, “Dual polarized reflectarray antenna for operation in X and Ku bands,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 1272-1279, Mar. 2022.
M. Abdollahvand, K. Forooraghi, J. A. Encinar, Z. Atlasbaf, and E. Martinez-de-Rioja, “A 20/30 GHz reflectarray backed by FSS for shared aperture Ku/Ka-band satellite communication antennas,” IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 566-570, Apr. 2020.
C. McLain, S. Panthi, M. Sturza, and J. Hetrick, “High throughput Ku-band satellites for aeronautical applications,” in MILCOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Military Communications Conference, Orlando, FL, pp. 1-6, 2012.
S. Yılmaz, A. H. Gülseren, and N. T. Tokan, “Dual-polarized reflectarray for high-speed satellite communication,” in 2023 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Air and Space Technologies (RAST), Istanbul, Turkiye, pp. 1-5,2023.
CST Microwave Studio [Online]. Available: http://www.cst.com/2023.
E. Nido, “New advances on multi-frequency and multi-beam reflectarrays with application to satellite antennas in Ka-band,” Doctoral thesis, Universidad Politécnica De Madrid, Madrid,2018.
J. Huang, “Analysis of a microstrip reflectarray antenna for microspacecraft application,” Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Progress Report, vol. 120, pp. 153-173, Feb.1994.
A. Yu, F. Yang, A. Z. Elsherbeni, J. Huang, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Aperture efficiency analysis of reflectarray antennas,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 364-372, Dec. 2009.
P. Nayeri, “Advanced design methodologies and novel applications of reflectarray antennas reflectarray antennas,” Electronic Theses and Dissertations, University of Mississippi, 2012.