Novel Strategies for Efficient Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) Simulation of Microstrip Circuits, Antennas, Arrays, and Metamaterials Part-II: Characteristic Basis Function Method, Perfectly Matched Layer, GPU Acceleration

Authors

  • Raj Mittra Department of Electrical & Computer Science, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA
  • Tomislav Marinovic Computational Electromagnetics Department, Multiverse Engineering Zagreb, Croatia
  • Ozlem Ozgun Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey
  • Shuo Liu Amedac, Shanghai, China
  • Ravi K. Arya Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology Zhongshan, Guangdong, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2024.ACES.J.400601

Keywords:

5G/6G Communication, Antenna Design, Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), Electromagnetic Scattering, Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD), Finite Element Method (FEM), GPU acceleration, Method of Moments (MoM), Microwave Circuits, Millimeter waves, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML)

Abstract

As mentioned in Part-I [1], rapid prototyping plays a critical role in the design of antennas and related planar circuits for wireless communications, especially as we embrace the 5G/6G protocols going forward into the future. Existing commercial software modules are often inadequate for this task in the millimeter-wave range since the memory requirements and runtimes are often too high for them to be acceptable as design tools. Using approximate equivalent circuit models for various components comprising the antenna and the feed system is not the answer either, because these models are not sufficiently accurate. Consequently, it becomes necessary to resort to the use of more sophisticated simulation techniques based on full-wave solvers that are numerically rigorous, albeit computer-intensive. Furthermore, optimizing the dimensions of antennas and circuits to enhance the performance of the system is frequently desired, and this often exacerbates the problem since the simulation must be run a large number of times to achieve the performance goal, namely an optimized design. Consequently, as pointed out earlier, it is highly desirable to develop accurate yet efficient techniques, both in terms of memory requirements and runtimes, to expedite the design process as much aspossible.

In the first part of this paper [1], we presented three strategies to address these issues, mostly related to Green’s Functions of layered media. We have shown that the proposed techniques are not only useful for antennas and printed circuits on layered media but also for antennas embellished with metamaterials for the purpose of their performance enhancement.

In this sequel to Part-I, we present several other Efficient Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) simulation strategies for expediting the runtime and improving the capability of handling large problems that are highly memory-intensive. These include a domain decomposition technique, which utilizes the Characteristic Basis Function Method (CBFM); the T-matrix approach which is also useful for hybridizing Finite Methods (FEM or FDTD) with the Method of Moments (MoM); Mesh truncation in Finite Method by using a conformal Perfectly Matched Layer (PML); and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration of MoM and FDTD codes.

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Author Biographies

Raj Mittra, Department of Electrical & Computer Science, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA

Raj Mittra is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Central Florida in Orlando, FL., where he is the Director of the Electromagnetic Communication Laboratory. Before joining the University of Central Florida, he worked at Penn State as a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering from 1996 through June 2015. He was a Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign from 1957 through 1996, when he moved to Penn State University. Currently, he also holds the position of Hi-Ci Professor at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia and a Visiting Distinguished Professor in Zhongshan Institute of CUST, China. He is a Life Fellow of the IEEE, a Past-President of AP-S, and has served as the Editor of the Transactions of the Antennas and Propagation Society. He won the Guggenheim Fellowship Award in 1965, the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984, and the IEEE Millennium Medal in 2000. Other honors include the IEEE/AP-S Distinguished Achievement Award in 2002, the Chen-To Tai Education Award in 2004 and the IEEE Electromagnetics Award in 2006, and the IEEE James H. Mulligan Award in 2011. He has also been recognized by the IEEE with an Alexander Graham Bell award from the IEEE Foundation.

Tomislav Marinovic, Computational Electromagnetics Department, Multiverse Engineering Zagreb, Croatia

Tomislav Marinovic received the M.Sc. degree in information and communication technology (summa cum laude) from the University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, in 2016; the Licentiate of Engineering degree from the Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2020; and the double Ph.D. degree from KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and the Chalmers University of Technology, in 2021. During his Ph.D., he participated in the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network (ITN) “SILIKA” project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. In this period, he was a Visiting Researcher with NXP Semiconductors, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven; TNO, The Hague, The Netherlands; Ericsson Research, Gothenburg; and Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. He is currently a researcher at Multiverse Engineering, Croatia, focusing on the development of cost-effective Computational Electromagnetics simulation tools for antenna systems applications.

Ozlem Ozgun, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey

Ozlem Ozgun is currently a full professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. She received her B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Bilkent University and her Ph.D. from Middle East Technical University (METU), all in Electrical and Electronics Engineering. She was a postdoctoral researcher at Penn State University, USA. Her research focuses on computational electromagnetics and radiowave propagation, including numerical methods, domain decomposition, transformation electromagnetics, and stochastic electromagnetic problems. Dr. Ozgun is a Senior Member of IEEE and URSI and a past chair of the URSI Turkey steering committee. She has been selected as a Distinguished Lecturer (DL) by the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) for the period of 2025-2027. Her awards include the METU Best Ph.D. Thesis Award (2007), the Felsen Fund Excellence in Electromagnetics Award (2009), and the IEEE AP-S Outstanding Reviewer Award (2023-2024). She was recognized among the world’s top 2% most influential scientists (Stanford University & Elsevier, 2023–2024) and received the Hacettepe University 2024 ScienceAward.

Shuo Liu, Amedac, Shanghai, China

Shuo Liu is a Senior R&D Engineer at Amedac, Shanghai, China, holding a Ph.D. in Electronic Information Engineering. His doctoral research specialized in computational electromagnetics, covering electromagnetic wave propagation, antenna design, and numerical modeling of complex fields. Recognized for his contributions, he received the IEEE APS Fellowship (2022), the Chinese National Scholarship for Ph.D. Students (2020), and the Best Ph.D. Thesis Award. As a Research Fellow at NTU, he developed advanced electromagnetic simulation algorithms and educational tools. He also served as a consultant at RM Associates, collaborating with Dr. Raj Mittra to create a parallel time-domain electromagnetic simulator. His work bridges theoretical research and practical engineering applications in electromagnetics.

Ravi K. Arya, Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology Zhongshan, Guangdong, China

Ravi K. Arya is a Distinguished Professor and Director of the Xiangshan Laboratory Wireless Group at the Zhongshan Institute of Changchun University of Science and Technology (ZICUST), China. He earned his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Pennsylvania State University, USA, under the supervision of Prof. Raj Mittra, following an M.Tech in RF and Microwave Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur (advised by Prof. Ramesh Garg) and a B.Tech from Delhi Technological University, India. With a career spanning both academia and industry, Dr. Arya has held positions at ECIL (India), C-DOT (India), Ansys Inc. (USA), and ALL.SPACE (USA), as well as academic roles at NIT Delhi (India) and JNU (India). He has authored over 90 peer-reviewed publications, seven book chapters, and four patents. His research focuses on antenna design, computational electromagnetics, machine learning applications in electromagnetics, and RF system modeling.

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Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

[1]
R. . Mittra, T. . Marinovic, O. . Ozgun, S. . Liu, and R. K. . Arya, “Novel Strategies for Efficient Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) Simulation of Microstrip Circuits, Antennas, Arrays, and Metamaterials Part-II: Characteristic Basis Function Method, Perfectly Matched Layer, GPU Acceleration”, ACES Journal, vol. 40, no. 06, pp. 471–498, Jun. 2025.

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2025: Vol 40 Iss 6

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