Optimization Design of Active and Passive Hybrid Shielding, for Electric Vehicle’s Wireless Power Transfer System

作者

  • Yangyun Wu College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Tianhao Wang College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Quanyi Yu College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
  • Gang Lv EMC Department National Automotive Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Changchun 130011, China
  • Yaodan Chi Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Architectural Electricity and Comprehensive Energy Saving, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
  • Shanshan Guan College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China

##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2026.ACES.J.410110

关键词:

Electromagnetic exposure safety, extreme learning machine, hybrid shielding structural design, multi-objective optimization algorithm, wireless power transmission

摘要

Targeting the issues of electromagnetic exposure safety in the application of an electric vehicle’s wireless power transmission (WPT), this study proposes a surrounding active shield coils structure, laying on the four sides of the WPT system, which effectively reduces the lateral magnetic leakage field while supplementing the magnetic field inside the transmission channel. At the same time, this study proposes a ferrite groove structure as the passive shielding, achieving reduction of the vertical magnetic leakage field. On this basis, the paper takes system transfer efficiency and surrounding magnetic leakage field density as the optimization objectives, combining the extreme learning machine (ELM) surrogate model with multi-objective optimization algorithm for hybrid shielding structural design, realizing the further improvement of power transfer and electromagnetic shielding capability. A numerical simulation test is carried out and the results show that the proposed shielding scheme can ensure the system transfer efficiency, meanwhile reducing the magnetic leakage from all directions, and providing effective electromagnetic exposure safety protection for the human body.

##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##

##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##

##submission.authorBiographies##

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Yangyun Wu received the B.S. degree in architectural electricity and intelligence from the College of Electrical and Informational Engineering, Jilin University of Architecture and Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China, in 2018, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the College of Electrical and Computer Science, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, Jilin, in 2021. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University. His research interests include the uncertainty quantification and optimal design strategy of EV’s wireless power transfer system.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Tianhao Wang received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering and the Ph.D. degree in vehicle engineering from Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, in 2010 and 2016, respectively. From 2016 to 2019, he was a Postdoctoral Researcher with the Department of Science and Technology of Instrument, Jilin University. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University. His research interest includes numerical and experimental studies of crosstalk in complex cable bundles, with a particular emphasis on considering parameter variability using efficient statistical approaches.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Quanyi Yu received the B.S. and the M.S. degrees from the College of Communication Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, in 2016 and 2020, respectively, where he is pursuing the Ph.D. degree. His research interests include uncertainty quantification and electromagnetic compatibility of EVs.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Gang Lv received the master degree of electronic circuit and system in college of electronic science & engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, in 2008. He came on board into National Automotive Quality supervision & Inspection Center (Changchun) after graduated. He is currently the head of the EMC department. He is mainly in charge of the EMC performance in vehicle type approval under the direction of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and Certification and Accreditation Administration of the P.R.C. He always focuses on test methods improving and National Standards edit and amendment in EMC domain.

He has joined teams to be responsible for EMC part of “Test and Evaluation of autonomous electric vehicle” subject which is released by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and “Research on real-time concurrent Simulation test technology of Multi-source Sensor information of Intelligent Networked Vehicle” which is released by Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Yaodan Chi received the B.S. degree in electronic information engineering from the Jilin University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China, in 1998, and the master’s degree in testing and measuring technology and instruments and the Ph.D. degree in science and technology of instrument from Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, in 2004 and 2018, respectively. She is currently the Vice Director of the Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Architectural Electricity and Comprehensive Energy Saving. Her research interests include the uncertainty analysis approaches in electromagnetic compatibility simulation and building equipment intelligent integration technology.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Shanshan Guan received the B.S. degree in precision instruments and machinery and the Ph.D. degree in measurement technology and instruments from Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, in 2008 and 2012, respectively. In 2019, she was a Visiting Scholar at the Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen. She is currently an Associate Professor with the College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University. Her research interests include forward modeling and inverse algorithms of EM fields, and the development of electromagnetic instruments.

参考

K. Chen, J. Pan, Y. Yang, and K. Cheng, “Stability improvement and overshoot damping of SS compensated EV wireless charging systems with user-end buck converters,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 8354–8366, Aug. 2022.

O. N. Nezamuddin, C. L. Nicholas, and E. C. dos Santos, “The problem of electric vehicle charging: State-of-the-art and an innovative solution,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4663–4673, May 2022.

J. Liu, Z. Liu, W. Chen, X. Sun, and H. Su, “An optimized coil array and passivity-based control for receiving side multilevel connected DC-DC converter of dynamic wireless charging,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 3715–3726, Apr. 2022.

Z. Luo, Y. Zhao, M. Xiong, X. Wei, and H. Dai, “A self-tuning LCC/LCC system based on switch-controlled capacitors for constant-power wireless electric vehicle charging,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 709–720, Jan. 2023.

M. Mohammad, E. T. Wodaj, S. Choi, and M. E. Elbuluk, “Modeling and design of passive shield to limit EMF emission and to minimize shield loss in unipolar wireless charging system for EV,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 12235–12245, Dec. 2019.

S. Cruciani, T. Campi, F. Maradei, and M. Feliziani, “Active shielding design for wireless power transfer systems,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 1953–1960, Dec. 2019.

S. Cruciani, T. Campi, F. Maradei, and M. Feliziani, “Active shielding design and optimization of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for automotive,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 21, pp. 1–12, Oct. 2020.

M. Mi, Q. Yang, Y. Li, P. Zhang, and W. Zhang, “Multi-objective active shielding coil design for wireless electric vehicle charging system,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 1–5, Feb. 2022.

T. Campi, S. Cruciani, F. Maradei, and M. Feliziani, “Magnetic field mitigation by multicoil active shielding in electric vehicles equipped with wireless power charging system,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 1398–1405, Aug. 2020.

Y. Li, S. Zhang, and Z. Cheng, “Double-coil dynamic shielding technology for wireless power transmission in electric vehicles,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 1–20, Sep. 2021.

M. Budhia, G. A. Covic, and J. T. Boys, “Design and optimization of circular magnetic structures for lumped inductive power transfer systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3096–3108, Nov. 2011.

Q. Zhu, D. Chen, L. Wang, C. Liao, and Y. Guo, “Study on the magnetic field and shielding technique for an electric vehicle oriented wireless charging system,” Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 30, pp. 143–147, 2015.

M. Mohammad, O. C. Onar, V. P. Galigekere, G. Su, and J. Wilkins, “Magnetic shield design for the double-D coil-based wireless charging system,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 15740–15752, Dec. 2022.

B. S. Gu, T. Dharmakeerthi, S. Kim, M. J. O’Sullivan, and G. A. Covic, “Optimized magnetic core layer in inductive power transfer pad for electric vehicle charging,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 11964–11973, Oct. 2023.

Z. Dai, X. Zhang, T. Liu, C. Pei, T. Chen, R. Dou, and J. Wang, “Magnetic coupling mechanism with omnidirectional magnetic shielding for wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1565–1574, Oct. 2023.

Z. Li, W. Zhang, Z. Gan, and B. Li, “Study on composite structure of tian-font magnetic shielding and anti-series active coils for wireless power transfer system,” CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 97–109, Mar. 2025.

X. Zhang, S. Liu, R. Dou, C. Hao, L. Zhao, P. Zhang, and Q. Yang, “A novel hybrid shielding method with single-source active topology and efficiency stability for wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1–6, Nov. 2023.

Y. Li, K. Xie, Y. Ying, and Z. Li, “An improved hybrid shielding with LC coil for wireless power transfer system,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 720–731, June 2022.

H. Zhao, K. Liu, S. Li, F. Yang, S. Cheng, H. H. Eldeeb, J. Kang, and G. Xu, “Shielding optimization of IPT system based on genetic algorithm for efficiency promotion in EV wireless charging applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1190–1200, Jan. 2022.

Z. Luo, X. Wei, M. G. S. Pearce, and G. A. Covic, “Multi-objective optimization of inductive power transfer double-D pads for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 5135–5146, May 2021.

Y. Pei, L. Pichon, B. Y. Le, M. Bensetti, and P. Dessante, “Fast shielding optimization of an inductive power transfer system for electric vehicles,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 91227–91234, Sep. 2022.

J. Yi, P. Yang, Z. Li, P. Kong, and J. Li, “Mutual inductance calculation of circular coils for an arbitrary position with a finite magnetic core in wireless power transfer systems,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1950–1959, Mar. 2023.

T. Zhang, G. Wei, R. Li, J. Feng, and C. Zhu, “Completely analytical model of inductance for circular coils with bilateral finite magnetic cores and Al plates in WPT systems,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 6129–6140, Sep. 2024.

R. Xie, R. Liu, X. Chen, X. Mao, X. Li, and Y. Zhang, “An interoperable wireless power transmitter for unipolar and bipolar receiving coils based on three-switch dual-output inverter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1985–1989, Feb. 2024.

G. Rituraj, B. K. Kushwaha, and P. Kumar, “A unipolar coil arrangement method for improving the coupling coefficient without ferrite material in wireless power transfer systems,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 497–509, June 2020.

Z. Luo, S. Nie, M. Pathmanathan, W. Han, and P. W. Lehn, “3-D analytical model of bipolar coils with multiple finite magnetic shields for wireless electric vehicle charging systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 8231–8242, Aug. 2022.

Z. Luo and X. Wei, “Analysis of square and circular planar spiral coils in wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 331–341, Jan. 2018.

G. Rituraj and P. Kumar, “A new magnetic structure of unipolar rectangular coils in WPT systems to minimize the ferrite volume while maintaining maximum coupling,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 2072–2076, June 2021.

H. Zhuang, W. Wang, and G. Yan, “Ferrite concentrating and shielding structure design of wireless power transmitting coil for inductively coupled capsule robot,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 45–53, Feb. 2023.

J. Shin, S. Shin, Y. Kim, S. Ahn, S. Lee, G. Jung, S. J. Jeon, and D. H. Cho, “Design and implementation of shaped magnetic-resonance-based wireless power transfer system for roadway-powered moving electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1179–1192, Mar. 2014.

A. Tejeda, C. Carretero, J. T. Boys, and G. A. Covic, “Ferrite-less circular pad with controlled flux cancelation for EV wireless charging,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 8349–8359, Nov. 2017.

S. Y. Choi, B. W. Gu, S. W. Lee, W. Y. Lee, J. Huh, and C. T. Rim, “Generalized active EMF cancel methods for wireless electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 5770–5783, Nov. 2014.

W. Zhang, J. C. White, R. K. Malhan, and C. C. Mi, “Loosely coupled transformer coil design to minimize EMF radiation in concerned areas,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 4779–4789, June 2016.

Y. Pei, L. Pichon, B. Y. Le, M. Bensetti, and P. Dessante, “Fast shielding optimization of an inductive power transfer system for electric vehicles,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 91227–91234, Aug. 2022.

N. Liu and H. Wang, “Ensemble based extreme learning machine,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 754–757, Aug. 2010.

A. Elhossini, S. Areibi, and R. Dony, “Strength Pareto particle swarm optimization and hybrid EA-PSO for multi-objective optimization,” Evolutionary Computation, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 127–156, Mar. 2010.

S. Wang and A. Zhou, “Leader prediction for multiobjective particle swarm optimization,” IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1356–1370, Aug. 2025.

Q. Wang, W. Li, J. Kang, and Y. Wang, “Electromagnetic safety evaluation and protection methods for a wireless charging system in an electric vehicle,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 1913–1925, Dec. 2019.

A. Arduino, O. Bottauscio, M. Chiampi, L. Giaccone, I. Liorni, N. Kuster, L. Zilberti, and M. Zucca, “Accuracy assessment of numerical dosimetry for the evaluation of human exposure to electric vehicle inductive charging systems,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1939–1950, Oct. 2020.

Y. Li, K. Xie, Y. Ying, and Z. Li, “An improved hybrid shielding with LC coil for wireless power transfer system,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 720–731, June 2022.

Y. Wang, F. Wang, Y. Tian, A. N. Sun, and B. Liu, “Surrogate-assisted multiobjective optimization of double-D coil for inductive power transfer system with LCC-LCC compensation network,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 71, no. 9, pp. 10612–10624, Sep. 2024.

T. Wang, Q. Yu, B. Li, G. Lv, Y. Wu, and S. Guan, “Uncertainty quantification of human electromagnetic exposure from electric vehicle wireless power transfer system,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 8886–8896, Aug. 2023.

A. A. S. Mohamed, A. Meintz, P. Schrafel, and A. Calabro, “Testing and assessment of EMFs and touch currents from 25 kW IPT system for medium duty EVs,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 7477–7487, Aug. 2019.

##submission.downloads##

已出版

2026-01-30