High-Order Small Perturbation Method of Arbitrary Order for Conducting Rough Surface Scattering under TE Incidence
Keywords:
Bistatic scattering coefficients, highorder small perturbation method, rough surface scattering, tapered wave, TE incidenceAbstract
A novel closed-form high-order small perturbation method (HOSPM) for the analysis of scattering from 1-D conducting random rough surfaces under TE incidence is developed. The main theoretical contributions of the HOSPM are as follows: (1) our method yields a general high-order SPM form for scattered fields of arbitrary orders, (2) Faà di Bruno's formula is introduced into computational electromagnetics (CEM) for the first time to expand a tapered incident wave and its partial derivatives in power series form, and (3) the form is simple and easy to program and does not require any mathematical pretreatment. Comparisons are made between the method of moments (MOM) and different-order HOSPMs in terms of several aspects, including accuracy and time efficiency. The order convergence of the HOSPM is discussed, the regions of validity with regard to correlation lengths and root mean square (RMS) heights are demonstrated for the 2nd-order HOSPM, and the robustness of the 2nd-order HOSPM is proven over a broad range of frequencies
Downloads
References
T. Wang and C. M. Tong, “An improved facetbased TSM for electromagnetic scattering from ocean surfacea,” IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 644-648, 2018.
Y. Wang, K. S. Chen, L. Tsang, and L. Yu, “Depolarized backscattering of rough surface by AIEM model,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens., vol. 10, no.~11, pp. 4740- 4752, 2017.
S. El-Bah, R. Dusséaux, and S. Afifi, “Some statistical and spatial properties of signal scattering by 2-D slightly rough random surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 721- 729, 2016.
T. H. Liao, L. Tsang, S. W. Huang, N. Niamsuwan, S. Jaruwatanadilok, and S. B. Kim, “Copolarized and cross-polarized backscattering from random rough soil surfaces from L-band to Ku-band using numerical solutions of Maxwell's equations with near-field precondition,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 651-662, 2016.
C. A. Guérin and J. T. Johnson, “Cross-polarized backscattering under the secon-order small-slope approximation,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 6308-6314, 2015.
A. Torabi, S. A. Zekavat, and K. Sarabandi, “Wideband directional channel characterization for multiuser MIMO systems over a random rough dielectric ground,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 3103-3113, 2016.
E. N. Grossman, N. Popovic, and R. A. Chamberlin, “Submillimeter wavelength scattering from random rough surfaces,” IEEE THz. Sci. Technol., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 546-562, 2017.
K. Li, L. X. Guo, and J. Li, “Investigation of bistatic scattering of a 2-D target coated with double negative materials above 1-D random rough surface by FDTD method,” Proc. Cross Strait Quad-Regional Radio Wireless Conf., Chengdu, Sichuan, pp. 435-438, 2013.
S. Sung, N. Bajwa, W. S. Grundfest, and Z. D. Taylor, “Exploration of the Rayleigh roughness in THz medical imaging," Proc. Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter and THz Waves, Hong Kong, 2015.
C. Yin, Y. L. Geng, Y. J. Pan, and H. Y. Jin, “Fast algorithm for rough surface scene simulation in passive millimeter wave imaging,” IEEE Access, vol.~6, pp. 25051-25059, 2018.
R. Wang, L. X. Guo, and Z. B. Zhang, “Scattering from contaminated rough sea surface by iterative physical optics model,” IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 500-504, 2016.
H. Zamani, A. Tavakoli, and M. Dehmollaian, “Scattering by a dielectric sphere buried in a halfspace with a slightly rough interface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 347-359, 2018.
S. Afifi, and R. Dusséaux, “Scattering from 2-D perfect electromagnetic conductor rough surface: analysis with the small perturbation method and the small-slope approximation,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.~66, no.~1, pp. 340-346, 2017.
H. Zamani, A. Tavakoli, and M. Dehmollaian, “Scattering from two rough surfaces with inhomogeneous dielectric profiles,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol.~63, no.~12, pp. 5753-5766, 2015.
L. Tsang, J. A. Kong, and K. H. Ding, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.
O. Gilgert, C. Deumie, and C. Amra, “Angleresolved ellipsometry of scattering patterns from arbitrary surfaces and bulks,” Opt. Express, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 2403-2418, 2005.
J. E. Elson, “Infrared light scattering from surfaces covered with multiple dielectric overlayers,” Appl. Optics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 2872-2881, 1977.
C. D. Jones and D. R. Jackson, “Infrared light scattering from surfaces covered with multiple dielectric overlayers,” IEEE J. Oceanic ENG., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 84-93, 2001.
S. O. Rice, “Reflection of electromagnetic waves from slightly rough surfaces,” Commun. Pure Appl. Math., vol. 4, pp. 351-378, 1951.
J. T. Johnson, “Third-order small-perturbation method for scattering from dielectric rough surfaces,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 2720-2736, 1999.
M. A. Demir, J. T. Johnson, and T. J. Zajdel, “A study of the fourth-order small perturbation method for scattering from two-layer rough surfaces,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 3374-3382, 2012.
J. A. Kong, Electromagnetic Wave Theory. EMW Publishing, Cambridge, 2008.
E. I. Thorsos, “The validity of the Kirchhoff approximation for rough surface scattering using a Gaussian roughness spectrum,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 83, no. 11, pp. 78-92, 1988.
L. Tsang, J. A. Kong, and K. H. Ding, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Numerical Simulation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001.
H. X. Ye and Y. Q. Jin, “Parameterization of the tapered incident wave for numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering from rough surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 1234-1237, 2005.
J. T. Johnson and R. J. Burkholder, “A study of scattering from an object below a rough surface,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 59-66, 2004.
J. T. Johnson, “A numerical study of scattering from an object above a rough surface,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1361- 1367, 2002.
G. Macelloni, G. Nesti, P. Pampaloni, and S. Sigismondi, “Experimental validation of surface scattering and emission models,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 459- 469, 2000.
J. W. Tukey, “Mathematics and the picturing of data,” Proc. Int. Congress Mathematicians, Vancouver, pp. 523-532, 1974.
K. Drakakis, “On a closed formula for the derivatives of ef(x) and related finacial applications,” International Mathematical Forum, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 401-407, 2009.