Fast Rise-Time Electromagnetic Pulse Protection Characteristics of ZnO Varistors
Keywords:
Coaxial fixture, fast rise-time electromagnetic pulse, grain boundary theory, insulatorconductor phase transition, nonlinear current-voltage characteristic, quantum tunnelling effect, ZnO varistorAbstract
In order to study the response of ZnO varistors under the radiation of fast rise-time electromagnetic pulse, an experiment system is built composed of square wave pulse source, coaxial cable, coaxial fixture, attenuator, oscilloscope and insulating gas vessel. Electromagnetic pulse protection characteristics of ZnO varistors are tested and analyzed. Results show that: appearance of negative pulse in the responsive waveform means the completion of field-induced insulatorconductor phase transition for ZnO varistors. Peak value of responsive positive pulse decreases after phase transition, and the residual voltage is generally constant for different pulse strength and widths. The phenomenon of overshoot voltage is observed. Negative pulse is caused by the reflection of electromagnetic wave after the phase transition. The resistance of ZnO after phase transition is less than 50 Ω and decreases linearly along with the increase of incident voltage or field, which leads to a highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of ZnO varistors in the radiating electromagnetic environment. Sum of energy of positive and negative pulse keeps constant, which indicates that the weakened positive pulse is converted into negative pulse. So impact of negative pulse needs to be taken into consideration when ZnO varistors are used to protection against strong electromagnetic pulse.
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