Protective Role of Vitamin C in Wi-Fi Induced Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells in Vitro

Authors

  • Mengxi Wang 1 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
  • Guohui Yang School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • Yu Li Department of Life Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • Qun Wu School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • Yingsong Li College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

Keywords:

FDTD, in vitro, osteoblast, oxidative stress, temperature

Abstract

The increasing convenience and benefits provided by wireless technology innovations may also affect the human health because of Wi-Fi electromagnetic radiation. The effects of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi on oxidative stress (OS) in MC3T3-E1 cells and the protective role of vitamin C are presented and analyzed in this paper. MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to 100 mW and 500 mW 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi signals at specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0.1671 W/kg and 0.8356 W/kg, referred to as SARa and SARb, respectively, for 0-180 minutes to determine the optimal irradiation time by testing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). Following irradiation for the optimal irradiation time, ROS levels were assayed for 0-120 min after each irradiation. Additional vitamin C is added to the medium to investigate the effect on ROS and GSH. A FDTD simulation showed that the cell layer temperature increased by 0.1°C and 0.5°C after being exposed in the SARa and SARb for the optimal irradiation time (90 min). Ninety min of Wi-Fi irradiation provoked an obvious increment in ROS and GSH on the first day, and the ROS level returned to the initial level 30 min after the irradiation; however, on the third day, it took 90-120 min for ROS to return to baseline. Vitamin C significantly reduced ROS levels and recovery times. In conclusion, 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation triggered oxidative stress in osteoblasts 3cm from the source antenna. Vitamin C effectively reduced the ROS levels stimulated by nonthermal effects of Wi-Fi irradiation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

M. B. Salah, H. Abdelmelek, and M. Abderraba, “Wifi and health: Perspectives and risks,” no. 1, pp. 012-022, 2017.

S. S. Lee, H. R. Kim, M. S. Kim, et al., “Influence of smartphone Wi-Fi signals on adipose-derived stem cells,” J. Craniofac Surg., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1902-1907, 2014.

V. Domazetovic, G. Marcucci, T. Iantomasi, et al., “Oxidative stress in bone remodeling: Role of antioxidants,” Clin. Cases Miner. Bone Metab., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 209-216, 2017.

W. Razawy, M. van Driel, and E. Lubberts, “The role of IL-23 receptor signaling in inflammationmediated erosive autoimmune arthritis and bone remodeling,” Eur. J. Immunol., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 220-229, 2018.

S. A. Murshid, “The role of osteocytes during experimental orthodontic tooth movement: A review,” Arch. Oral Biol., vol. 73, pp. 25-33, 2017.

A. G. D. Vianna, C. P. Sanches, and F. C. Barreto, “Effects of type 2 diabetes therapies on bone metabolism,” Diabetol. Metab. Syndr., vol. 9, no. 1, 2017.

M. Zhai, D. Jing, S. Tong, et al., “Pulsed electromagnetic fields promote in vitro osteoblastogenesis through a Wnt/β-catenin signalingassociated mechanism,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 152-162, 2016.

V. Selvaraju, M. Joshi, S. Suresh, et al., “Diabetes, oxidative stress, molecular mechanism, and cardiovascular disease–An overview,” Toxicol. Mech. Methods, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 330-335, 2012.

M. Simko, “EMF and the redox homeostasis: The link to cell activation processes,” Toxicology Letters, ID:280 S32, 2017.

H. Othman, M. Ammari, K. Rtibi, et al., “Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices,” Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., vol. 52, pp. 239-247, 2017.

F. Shekoohi-Shooli, S. M. J. Mortazavi, M. B. Shojaei-Fard, et al., “Evaluation of the protective role of vitamin c on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver in the male rats after exposure to 2.45 GHz of Wi-Fi routers,” J. Biomed. Phys. Eng., vol. 6, no. 3, ID:157, 2016.

G. Aynali, M. Nazıroğlu, Ö. Çelik, et al., “Modulation of wireless (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative toxicity in laryngotracheal mucosa of rat by melatonin,” Eur. ArcH. Oto-rhino-L, vol. 270, no. 5, pp. 1695-1700, 2013.

M. Yüksel, M. Nazıroğlu, M. O. Özkaya, “Longterm exposure to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices decreases plasma prolactin, progesterone, and estrogen levels but increases uterine oxidative stress in pregnant rats and their offspring,” Endocrine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 352-362, 2015.

B. Çiğ and M. Nazıroğlu, “Investigation of the effects of distance from sources on apoptosis, oxidative stress and cytosolic calcium accumulation via TRPV1 channels induced by mobile phones and Wi-Fi in breast cancer cells,” BBA-Biomembranes, vol. 1848, no. 10, pp. 2756-2765, 2015.

J. Zhao, “In vitro dosimetry and temperature evaluations of a typical millimeter-wave aperturefield exposure setup,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 3608-3622, 2012.

M. Zhadobov, S. I. Alekseev, R. Sauleau, et al., “Microscale temperature and SAR measurements in cell monolayer models exposed to millimeter waves,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 11-21, 2016.

A. Collin, M. Cueille, A. Perrin, et al., “Electromagnetic dosimetry and thermal analysis of a new exposure setup for in vitro studies on a large frequency band,” Microwave Symposium, IEEE/ MTT-S International, pp. 2221-2224, 2017.

A. Paffi, M. Liberti, F. Apollonio, et al., “In vitro exposure: Linear and non‐linear thermodynamic events in Petri dishe,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 527-537, 2015.

M. Zhadobov, R. Augustine, R. Sauleau, et al., “Complex permittivity of representative biological solutions in the 2–67 GHz range,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 346-355, 2016.

A. Hirata and T. Shiozawa, “Correlation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in the human head due to handset antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1834-1841, 2003.

ICNIRP, International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, URL: http://www.icnirp.de/ documents/emfgdl.pdf

A. Özorak, M. Nazıroğlu, Ö. Çelik, et al., “Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz)-and mobile phone (900 and 1800 MHz)-induced risks on oxidative stress and elements in kidney and testis of rats during pregnancy and the development of offspring,” Biol. Trace Elem. Res., vol. 156, no. 1-3, pp. 221-229, 2013.

J. Zhou, L. G. Ming, B. F. Ge, et al., “Effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields of different intensities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization potentials of rat osteoblasts,” Bone, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 753-761, 2014.

H. Wang and X. Zhang, “Magnetic fields and reactive oxygen species,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 18, no. 10, 2017.

G. N. De Iuliis, R. J. Newey, B. V. King, et al., “Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro,” PLOS ONE, vol. 4, no. 7, 2009.

H. S. Kim, J. S. Park, Y. B. Jin, et al., “Effects of exposure to electromagnetic field from 915 MHz radiofrequency identification system on circulating blood cells in the healthy adult rat,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 68-76, 2018.

J. Espino, I. Bejarano, S. D. Paredes, et al., “Protective effect of melatonin against human leukocyte apoptosis induced by intracellular calcium overload: Relation with its antioxidant actions,” J. Pineal. Res., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 195-206, 2011.

A. M. M. Cermak, I. Pavicic, B. T. Lovakovic, et al., “In vitro non-thermal oxidative stress response after 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation,” GEN Physiol. Biophys., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 407-414, 2017.

S. Ehnert, A. K. Fentz, A. Schreiner, et al., “Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields cause antioxidative defense mechanisms in human osteoblasts via induction of O 2− and H 2 O 2,” Sci. Rep., vol. 7, no. 1, ID: 14544, 2017.

K. Yu, Y. Li, and X. Liu, “Mutual coupling reduction of a MIMO antenna array using 3-D novel meta-material structures,” Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 758-763, 2018.

J. Jiang, Y. Xia, and Y. Li, “High isolated X-band MIMO array using novel wheel-like metamaterial decoupling structure,” Appl. Comput. Electromagn. Soc. J., vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1829-1836, 2019.

S. Luo, Y. Li, Y. Xia, and L. Zhang, “A low mutual coupling antenna array with gain enhancement using metamaterial loading and neutralization line structure,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 411-418, 2019.

S. Luo, Y. Li, Y. Xia, et al., “Mutual coupling reduction of a dual-band antenna array using dual-frequency metamaterial structure,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 403-410, 2019.

K. L. Chuang, X. Yan, Y. Li, and Y. Li, “A Jiashaped artistic patch antenna for dual-band circular polarization,” AEÜ- International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 120,10.1016/ j.aeue.2020.153207.

X. Zhang, T. Jiang, and Y. Li, “A novel block sparse reconstruction method for DOA estimation with unknown mutual coupling,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1845-1848, 2019.

T. Jiang, T. Jiao, and Y. Li, “A low mutual coupling MIMO antenna using periodic multilayered electromagnetic band gap structures,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 33, no. 3, 2018.

Y. Li, Z. Jiang, O. M. Omer-Osman, et al., “Mixed norm constrained sparse APA algorithm for satellite and network echo channel estimation,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 65901-65908, 2018.

Y. Li, Y. Wang, and T. Jiang, “Sparse-aware set-membership NLMS algorithms and their application for sparse channel estimation and echo cancelation,” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 895-902, 2016.

Q. Wu, Y. Li, Y. V. Zakharov, et al., “A kernel affine projection-like algorithm in reproducing kernel hilbert space,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 10.1109/ TCSII.2019.2947317.

B. Chen, Z. Li, Y. Li, and P. Ren, “Asymmetric correntropy for robust adaptive filtering,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1911.11855.

W. Shi, Y. Li, and B. Chen, “A Separable maximum correntropy adaptive algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, 10.1109/TCSII.2020.2977608.

Downloads

Published

2020-05-01

How to Cite

[1]
Mengxi Wang, Guohui Yang, Yu Li, Qun Wu, and Yingsong Li, “Protective Role of Vitamin C in Wi-Fi Induced Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells in Vitro”, ACES Journal, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 587–594, May 2020.

Issue

Section

Articles