Fast ISAR Imaging based on High Frequency Scattered Fields from Quadratic Patches

Authors

  • An Wen Wu Key Laboratory for Information Sciences of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
  • Yu Mao Wu Key Laboratory for Information Sciences of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
  • Ya-Qiu Jin Key Laboratory for Information Sciences of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
  • Hongcheng Yin National Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory, 100854, Beijing, China
  • Chonghua Fang Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan, 430064, China
  • Nan Zhang Key Laboratory for Information Sciences of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE) School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

Keywords:

ISAR imaging, non-uniform FFT, physical optics, quadratic discretization

Abstract

This paper implements the two-dimensional (2D) non-uniform Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation (NUFFT) to Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging. The complexity of two-dimensional NUFFT is O(MNlog2MN), which is better than direct calculation with complexity O(M2N2) and has controllable interpolation error. As for the echo scattered fields acquisition with respect to multiple frequencies and azimuth angles, we use physical optics (PO) method based on quadratic discretization to reduce the patch number to two orders of magnitude, compared with planar discretization. Three examples prove that the 2D imaging process has nearly equal accuracy and higher efficiency.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Mensa, L. Dean, High Resolution Radar Imaging. Artech House, 1981.

J. L. Walker, “Range-doppler imaging of rotating objects,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 23-52, Jan. 1980.

J. A. Kong, Electromagnetic Wave Theory. New York, NY, USA: Wiley-Interscience, 1990.

Y. Q. Jin, Electromagnetic Scattered Modelling for Quantitative Remote Sensing. Singapore: World Science Press, 2000.

H. M. Macdonald, “The effect produced by an obstacle on a train of electric waves,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 212, pp. 299-337, 1913.

A. C. Ludwig, “Computation of radiation patterns involving numerical double integration,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 767- 769, 1968.

W. B. Gordon, “Far-field approximations to the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz representation of scattered fields,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 590-592, July 1975.

J. M. Rius, M. Ferrando, and L. Jofre, “Highfrequency RCS of complex radar targets in realtime.” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 1308-1319, 1993.

O. M. Conde, J. Perez, and M. P. Catedra, “Stationary phase method application for the analysis of radiation of complex 3-D conducting structures,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 724-731, 2001.

Y. M. Wu and W. C. Chew, “The modern high frequency methods for solving electromagnetic scattering problems,” Progr. Electromagn. Res. PIER, vol. 156, pp. 63-82, 2016.

Y. M. Wu, L. J. Jiang, and W. C. Chew, “An efficient method for computing highly oscillatory physical optics integral,” Progr. Electromagn. Res. PIER, vol. 127, pp. 211-257, Apr. 2012.

H. Ling, R.-C. Chou, and S.-W. Lee, “Shooting and bouncing rays: calculating the RCS of an arbitrarily shaped cavity,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 194-205, Feb. 1989.

R. Bhalla and H. Ling, “Image domain ray tube integration formula for the shooting and bouncing ray technique,” Radio Science, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1435-1446, 1995.

J. Sun, S. Mao, G. Wang, and W. Wange, “Polar format algorithm for spotlight bistatic SAR with arbitrary geometry configuration,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 103, pp. 323-338, 2010.

A. Dutt and V. Rokhlin, “Fast Fourier transforms for non equispaced data,” SIAM J. Sci. Comp., vol. 14, pp. 1368-1393, 1993.

N. Nguyen and Q. H. Liu, “The regular Fourier matrices and nonuniform fast Fourier transforms,” SIAM J. Sci. Comp., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 283-293, 1999.

K. Natroshvili, O. Loffeld, H. Nies, A. M. Ortiz, and S. Knedlik, “Focusing of general bistatic SAR configuration data with 2-D inverse scaled FFT,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 2718-2727, Oct. 2006.

Q. Liu and N. Nguyen, “An accurate algorithm for nonuniform fast fourier transform (NUFFT’s),” IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18-20, Jan. 1998.

J. A. Fessler and B. P. Sutton, “Nonuniform fast Fourier transforms using min-max interpolation,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 560-574, Feb. 2003.

J. Y. Song, Q. H. Liu, K. Kim, and W. R. Scott, “High-resolution 3-D radar imaging through nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT),” Communications in Computational Physics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 176-191, 2006.

J. Y. Song, Q. H. Liu, S. L. Gewalt, G. Cofer, and G. A. Johnson, “Least square NUFFT methods applied to 2D and 3D radially encoded MR image reconstruction,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 56, no.4, pp. 1134-1142, 2009.

Y. M. Wu, L. J. Jiang, and W. C. Chew, “Computing highly oscillatory physical optics integral on the polygonal domain by an efficient numerical steepest descent path method,” Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 236, no. 1, pp. 408- 425, 2013.

J. Zhang, W. M. Yu, X. Y. Zhou, and T. J. Cui, “Efficient evaluation of the physical-optics integrals for conducting surfaces using the uniform stationary phase method,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2398-2408, May 2012.

F. S. de Adana, O. Gutierrez, I. Gonzalez, M. F. Catedra, and L. Lozano, Practical Applications of Asymptotic Techniques in Electromagnetics. Norwood, MA, 2011.

L. C. Potter, Da-Ming Chiang, R. Carriere, and M. J. Gerry, “A GTD-based parametric model for radar scattering,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1058-1067, 1995

J. M. Rius, A. Carbo, J. Bjerkemo, et al., “New graphical processing technique for fast shadowing computation in PO surface integral,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2587-2595, 2014.

T. Q. Fan, L. X. Guo, and W. Liu, “A novel openGL-based MoM/SBR hybrid method for radiation pattern analysis of an antenna above an electrically large complicated platform,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 201- 209, 2016.

C. Y. Dai and X. L. Zhang, “Bistatic polar format algorithm based on NUFFT method,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves & Applications, vol. 25, no. 17-18, pp. 2328-2340, 2011.

R. Bhalla and H. Ling, “Three-dimensional scattering center extraction using the shooting and bouncing ray technique,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 1445-1453, 1996.

X. Y. He, X. Y. Zhou, and T. J. Cui, “Fast 3DISAR image simulation of targets at arbitrary aspect angles through nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT),” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 2579-2602, 2012.

Downloads

Published

2019-06-01

How to Cite

[1]
An Wen Wu, Yu Mao Wu, Ya-Qiu Jin, Hongcheng Yin, Chonghua Fang, and Nan Zhang, “Fast ISAR Imaging based on High Frequency Scattered Fields from Quadratic Patches”, ACES Journal, vol. 34, no. 06, pp. 882–889, Jun. 2019.

Issue

Section

Articles