Compact Zeroth-order Resonance Loaded Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for Wireless Body Area Networks/Brain Activity Detection
Keywords:
Band-width, brain activity detection, compact, off-body performance, SAR, wireless bodyarea network (WBAN), ZORAbstract
A novel bandwidth enhanced compact microstrip antenna for wireless body area networks (WBANs) applications is designed by loading zerothorder resonator (ZOR) structure. The broadband was realized by combining the ZOR resonant frequency with the microstrip patch resonant frequency. The patch dimensions of the antenna are 0.212 lambda c × 0.310 lambda c × 0.027 lambda c, where lambda c is the wavelength of the lower cutoff frequency. By using the ZOR, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna increased by 150% compared to the reference microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna was fabricated. The measured and simulated the -10 dB |S11| bandwidth are 5.5% (2.352-2.485 GHz) and 6.7% (2.320-2.481 GHz), respectively. Thus, the antenna covers the medical BAN (MBAN) band (2.36-2.4 GHz) and the 2.4–2.48 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. From the simulated and measured results, both the microstrip patch mode and the ZOR mode of the proposed antenna radiate uni-directionally. The gains of the antenna are 2.56 dBi and 4.54 dBi at the ZOR mode and microstrip patch mode, respectively. The off-body characteristics of the antenna were investigated and compared with the free-space characteristics. As the antenna was mounted as off-body, the simulated and measured impedance bandwidths of the antenna are 5.5% (2.352-2.484 GHz) and 4.7% (2.35-2.465 GHz), respectively. Although the bandwidths are reduced, the ISM band and the MBAN band are still covered. Though the antenna with tissue backing has increased back radiation, good unidirectionally radiation patterns are also observed. The robust off-body performances reveal that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for WBAN applications. In addition, to evaluate its safety for brain activity detection, the electromagnetic radiation energy of antennas was considered and the safety performance of the antenna is studied by measuring the value of specific absorption rate (SAR).
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References
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