Temperature Rise and SAR Distribution at Wide Range of Frequencies in a Human Head due to an Antenna Radiation
Keywords:
Dispersive material, FDTD method, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), temperature riseAbstract
Temperature rise and specific absorption rate distribution in a human head due to electromagnetic energy produced by an adjacent antenna are evaluated. An algorithm proposed in this paper provides these distributions at multiple frequencies using a single simulation. The head tissue parameters are used from the available three-term Debye coefficients obtained by the experimental data from 500 MHz to 20 GHz. The proposed algorithm is developed by integrating the Debye model of human head tissues parameters into the finite-difference time-domain method by using the auxiliary differential equation approach along with the use of bioheat equation for specific absorption rate and temperature computations.
Downloads
References
J. Wang and O. Fujiwara, “FDTD computation of temperature rise in the human head for portable telephones,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 47, pp. 1528-1534, Aug. 1999.
P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa, and E. Piuzzi, “Specific absorption rate and temperature increases in the head of a cellular-phone user,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 48, pp. 1118-1126, July 2000.
P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa, and E. Piuzzi, “Power absorption and temperature elevations induced in the human head by a dual-band monopole-helix antenna phone,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 2539- 2546, Dec. 2001.
A. Hirata, M. Morita, and T. Shiozawa, “Temperature increase in the human head due to a dipole antenna at microwave frequencies,” IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 109-116, Feb. 2003.
A. Hirata, and T. Shiozawa, “Correlation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in the human head due to handset antennas,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1834-1841, July 2003.
M. Fujimoto, A. Hirata, J. Q. Wang, O. Fujiwara, and T. Shiozawa, “FDTD-derived correlation of maximum temperature increase and peak SAR in child and adult head models due to dipole antenna,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 240-247, Feb. 2006.
A. Hirata, K. Shirai, and O. Fujiwara, “On averaging mass of SAR correlating with temperature elevation due to a dipole antenna,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 84, pp. 221-237, 2008.
M. R. Islam and M. Ali, “Temperature rise induced by wire and planar antennas in a high-resolution human head model,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 288-298, Apr. 2013.
A. Z. Elsherbeni and V. Demir, The FiniteDifference Time-Domain Method for Electromagnetics with MATLAB Simulations. second edition, ACES Series on Computational Electromagnetics and Engineering, SciTech Publishing, an Imprint of IET, Edison, NJ, 2016.
H. H. Pennes, “Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperature in resting forearm,” J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 1, pp. 93-122, 1948.
M. A. Eleiwa and A. Z. Elsherbeni, “Debye constants for biological tissues from 30 Hz to 20 GHz,” ACES Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, Nov. 2001.
http://noodle.med.yale.edu/zubal/ [Online website 2017].
S. Gabriel, R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel, “The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues,” Phys. Med. Biol., 41, pp. 2271-2293, 1996.
J. Roden and S. Gedney, ‘‘Convolution PML (CPML): An efficient FDTD implementation of the CFS-PML for arbitrary media,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 334- 339, 2000.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields With Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields, 100 kHz-300 GHz, IEEE Standard C95.3-2002, Annex E, 2002.
