An Experimental Study on Microwave Imaging of Breast Cancer with the use of Tumor Phantom
Keywords:
Breast cancer, breast phantom, imaging algorithm, microwave imaging, radar-based imagingAbstract
Nowadays, breast cancer is the most common type of the cancer among women’s diseases. It is the leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Due to risk of uncontrolled reproduction and propagation of the cancer cells, early diagnosis has a crucial importance. Microwave imaging (MWI) is an evolving method and has a variety of advantages such as operating at lower frequencies with a lower power, cost-effectiveness, and providing comfortable measurements without contact. In this paper, an experimental study on microwave imaging of breast cancer with the use of tumor phantom is presented. For this purpose, an experimental setup containing sand, screw and tumor phantom is prepared as replacement of real tissue. Two-dimensional inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) method is used in handling the scattered electric field data from the measurement setup. Inverse radon transform (IRT) method is then utilized to extract the image of the measured scattering electric field data. The resultant images show that the microwave imaging method can be successfully used together with IRT for the breast cancer problem.
Downloads
References
M. Patlak, S. J. Nass, I. C. Henderson, and J. C. Lashof, Mammography and Beyond: Developing Technologies for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer, Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001.
M. B. Bicer, A. Akdagli, and C. Ozdemir, “Breast cancer detection using inverse radon transform with microwave image technique,” 23th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), Malatya, TR, pp. 2182-2185, 2015.
E. C. Fear, P. M. Meaney, and M. A. Stuchly, “Microwaves for breast cancer detection?,” IEEE Potentials, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 12, 2003.
D. J. Kurrant, E. C. Fear, and D. T. Westwick, “Tumor response estimation in radar-based microwave breast cancer detection,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 2801-2811, 2008.
S. K. Davis, B. D. Van Veen, S. C. Hagness, and F. Kelcz, “Breast tumor characterization based on ultrawideband microwave backscatter,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 237-246, 2008.
Y. Chen and P. Kosmas, “Detection and localization of tissue malignancy using contrast-enhanced microwave imaging: Exploring information theoretic criteria,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 766-776, 2012.
X. Li, E. J. Bond, B. D. Van Veen, and S. C. Hagness, “An overview of ultra-wideband microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early-stage breast-cancer detection,” IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 19-34, 2005.
S. K. Davis, H. Tandradinata, S. C. Hagness, and B. D. Van Veen, “Ultrawideband microwave breast cancer detection: A detection-theoretic approach using the generalized likelihood ratio test,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1237-1250, 2005.
Y. Xie, B. Guo, L. Xu, J. Li, and P. Stoica, “Multistatic adaptive microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1647-1657, 2006.
G. Cheng, Y. Zhu, and J. Grzesik, “3-D microwave imaging for breast cancer,” 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Prague, pp. 3672-3676, 2011.
E. C. Fear, X. Li, S. C. Hagness, and M. A. Stuchly, “Confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: Localization of tumors in three dimensions,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 812-822, 2002.
E. J. Bond, X. Li, S. C. Hagness, and B. D. Van Veen, “Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming for early detection of breast cancer,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 1690-1705, 2003.
M. Klemm, I. Craddock, J. Leendertz, A. Preece, and R. Benjamin, “Experimental and clinical results of breast cancer detection using UWB microwave radar,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2008.
P. M. Meaney, M. W. Fanning, T. Zhou, A. Golnabi, S. D. Geimer, and K. D. Paulsen, “Clinical microwave breast imaging - 2D results and the evolution to 3D,” Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, ICEAA’09, pp. 881-884, 2009.
N. Irishina, M. Moscoso, and O. Dorn, “Microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection using a shape-based strategy,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 1143-1153, 2009.
H. B. Lim, N. T. T. Nhung, E.-P. Li, and N. D. Thang, “Confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: Delay-multiply-and-sum image reconstruction algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 55, no. 6. pp. 1697- 1704, 2008.
M. Klemm, I. J. Craddock, and A. Preece, “Contrast-enhanced breast cancer detection using dynamic microwave imaging,” Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, pp. 1-2, 2012.
M. Pastorino, “Hybrid reconstruction techniques for microwave imaging systems,” 2010 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques, pp. 198-203, 2010.
I. Ünal, B. Türetken, and Y. Çotur, “Microwave imaging of breast cancer tumor inside voxel-based breast phantom using conformal antennas,” 31st URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, pp. 1-4, 2014.
A. Jeremic and E. Khoshrowshahli, “Detecting breast cancer using microwave imaging and stochastic optimization,” Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, pp. 89-92, 2015.
R. Benjamin, I. J. Craddock, G. S. Hilton, S. Litobarski, E. McCutheon, R. Nilavalan, and G. N. Crisp, “Microwave detection of buried mines using non-contact, synthetic near-field focusing,” Radar, Sonar Navig. IEE Proc., vol. 148, no. 4, pp. 233- 240, 2001.
X. Yun, E. C. Fear, and R. H. Johnston, “Compact antenna for radar-based breast cancer detection,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 2374-2380, 2005.
A. K. Alqallaf, R. K. Dib, and S. F. Mahmoud, “Microwave imaging using synthetic radar scheme processing for the detection of breast tumors,” The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES Journal), vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 98-105, 2016.
İ. Ünal, B. Türetken, and C. Canbay, “Spherical conformal bow-tie antenna for ultra-wide band microwave imaging of breast cancer tumor,” The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES Journal), vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 124- 133, 2014.
W. M. Boerner, C. M. Ho, and B. Y. Foo, “Use of Radon’s projection theory in electromagnetic inverse scattering,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 336-341, 1981.
C. Ozdemir, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging. NJ: Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.
R. Ortega-Palacios, L. Leija, A. Vera, and M. F. J. Cepeda, “Measurement of breast - Tumor phantom dielectric properties for microwave breast cancer treatment evaluation,” Program and Abstract Book - 2010 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control, pp. 216-219, 2010.
C. Gabriel, Compilation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues at RF and Microwave Frequencies. U.S. Air Force Report, 1996.
