Novel View of the Adult Stem Cell Compartment – of Germline and Parental Imprinting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13052/ijts2246-8765.2015.002Keywords:
Adult stem cells, primordial germ cells, imprinted genes, Igf2–H19 locus, stem cell quiescence, tissue regeneration, tumorigenesisAbstract
Evidence has accumulated that adult tissues contain developmentally early stem cells that remain in a dormant state as well as stem cells that are more proliferative, supplying tissue-specific progenitor cells and thus playing a more active role in the turnover of adult tissues. Interestingly, evidence has accumulated in parallel that these most primitive, dormant, adult stem cells are regulated by epigenetic changes in the expression of certain parentally imprinted genes, a molecular phenomenon previously described for keeping primordial germ cells in a quiescent state. Specifically, the most primitive quiescent stem cells in bone marrow that can be committed to the hematopoietic lineage show erasure of imprinting at the Igf2–H19 locus, which keeps them in a quiescent state in a similar manner as primordial germ cells. Similar changes in expression of parentally imprinted genes may also play a role in the quiescence of dormant adult stem cells present in other non-hematopoietic tissues. However, this possibility requires further study.
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