Cavity-Backed Slot V2X Antenna for Automotive Applications

Authors

  • Mohamed O. Khalifa Department of Electrical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
  • Ahmad M. Yacoub Department of Electrical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
  • Daniel N. Aloi Department of Electrical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2022.ACES.J.370305

Keywords:

Automotive antennas, V2X, 5G, V2I, V2P, V2N, V2V, cavity-backed slot antenna

Abstract

In this work, a cavity-backed slot antenna has been designed to cover vehicle-to-everything (V2X) frequencies (5.85−5.9255.85-5.925 GHz). The antenna is made to be easily integrated in a vehicle windshield or rear mirror. The cavity-backed slot antenna does not require a ground plane to sit on which makes it an ideal model for below horizon performance. Antenna simulation has been done using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and then on-foam and on vehicle’s windshield measurements have been carried out inside an anechoic chamber. The proposed antenna achieved a linear average gain (LAG) above 2.5 dBi in the targeted V2X elevation and azimuth angles with better than 15 dB return loss. The antenna performance has been reported in terms of reflection coefficient, surface current density, radiation pattern, LAG, and efficiency.

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Author Biographies

Mohamed O. Khalifa, Department of Electrical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA

Mohamed O. Khalifa received the B.S. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from the University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, in 2010 and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA, in 2015. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering with Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.

He served as a Research Assistant with the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; as a Visiting Graduate Intern with I-Radio Lab within the School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; and a Research Assistant with Applied EMAG and Wireless Lab at Oakland University from 2012 to 2018. He has been employed with Ficosa North America, Madison Heights, MI, USA, from 2018 to 2019 and then with Molex LLC, Grand Blanc, MI, USA, from 2019 until present. His research interests reside in the areas of power amplifier design and linearization techniques and applied electromagnetics with emphasis on antenna measurements, antenna modeling/analysis, and antenna design. He has authored/co-authored around 13 technical papers and is an inventor on 3 patents.

Ahmad M. Yacoub, Department of Electrical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA

Ahmad M. Yacoub received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan, in 2014 and the M.S. degree in electrical and computer engineering from Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA, in 2018. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering with Oakland University.

He served as a Research Assistant with Applied EMAG and Wireless lab at Oakland University from 2016 to 2018. He has been employed with Molex LLC, Grand Blanc, MI, USA, from 2018 until present. His research interests reside in the area of applied electromagnetics with emphasis on antenna measurements, antenna modeling/analysis, and antenna design. He is an inventor/co-inventor of 2 patents.

Daniel N. Aloi, Department of Electrical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA

Daniel N. Aloi received his B.S. (1992), M.S. (1996) and Ph.D. (1999) degrees in electrical engineering from Ohio University, located in Athens, Ohio, USA. He served as a Research Assistant from 1995-1999 in the Avionics Engineering Center within the School of Engineering and Computer Science at Ohio University; Summer Intern at Rockwell International in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Senior Project Engineer at OnStar, Incorporated, a subsidiary of General Motors from 2000-2002. He has been employed in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan from 2002 until present.  And is the Founder and Director of the Applied EMAG and Wireless lab at Oakland University.  Dr. Aloi’s research interests reside in area of applied electromagnetics with emphasis on antenna measurements, antenna modeling/analysis and antenna design.  He is a member of the Institute of Navigation and is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).  He has received in excess of $4M in research funding from a variety of federal and private entities including the Federal Aviation Administration, Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (DARPA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF).  He has authored/co-authored over 100 technical papers and is an inventor on 5 patents.

References

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Published

2022-03-31

How to Cite

[1]
M. O. . Khalifa, A. M. . Yacoub, and D. N. . Aloi, “Cavity-Backed Slot V2X Antenna for Automotive Applications”, ACES Journal, vol. 37, no. 03, pp. 287–296, Mar. 2022.

Issue

2022: Vol 37 Iss 3

Section

General Submission

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