Modeling the Microwave Transmissivity of Row Crops

Authors

  • Jeil Park Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1046, USA
  • Praveen Gurrala Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1046, USA
  • Brian K. Hornbuckle Department of Agronomy Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1051, USA
  • Jiming Song Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1046, USA

Keywords:

HFSS, scattering, SMOS, SMAP, soil moisture, S-parameters, transmissivity, vegetation optical depth

Abstract

We develop a method to model the microwave transmissivity of row crops that explicitly accounts for their periodic nature as well as multiple scattering. We hypothesize that this method could eventually be used to improve satellite retrieval of soil moisture and vegetation optical depth in agricultural regions. The method is characterized by unit cells terminated by periodic boundary conditions and Floquet port excitations solved using commercial software. Individual plants are represented by vertically oriented dielectric cylinders. We calculate canopy transmissivity, reflectivity, and loss in terms of S-parameters. We validate the model with analytical solutions and illustrate the effect of canopy scattering. Our simulation results are consistent with both simulated and measured data published in the literature.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Jeil Park, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1046, USA

Jeil Park was born in Seoul, Korea. He received the B.E. degree from Korea Military Academy, Korea, in 2011 and the M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Iowa State University, USA, in 2020. He is servicing active duty in the ROK army. His research interests focus on modeling and simulations of vegetation canopy and scattering parameter analysis.

Praveen Gurrala, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1046, USA

Praveen Gurrala received the B.Tech degree from Indian Institute of Technology Madras in 2014, and the Ph.D. degree from Iowa State University in 2020, both in electrical engineering. He is currently an EMI characterization engineer at Micron Technology, Inc. His research interests include computational modeling of ultrasonic and eddy current NDE inspections, fast-multipole boundary element methods, and capacitance tomography.

Brian K. Hornbuckle, Department of Agronomy Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1051, USA

Brian K. Hornbuckle received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering and Atmospheric Science from the University of Michigan in 2003. He is presently a Professor in the Department of Agronomy at Iowa State University. Hornbuckle's research goal is to use satellite microwave remote sensing to monitor the movement of water among the soil, vegetation, and atmosphere in agricultural regions. He is a member of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, the American Geophysical Union, the Soil Science Society of America, and the American Society of Agronomy.

Jiming Song, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1046, USA

Jiming Song received Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Michigan State University in 1993. From 1993 to 2000, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate, a Research Scientist and Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From 1996 to 2000, he worked part-time as a Research Scientist at SAIC-DEMACO. Song was the principal author of the Fast Illinois Solver Code (FISC). He was a Principal Staff Engineer/Scientist at Semiconductor Products Sector of Motorola in Tempe, Arizona before he joined Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Iowa State University as an Assistant Professor in 2002.
Song currently is a Professor at Iowa State University’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His research has dealt with modeling and simulations of electromagnetic, acoustic and elastic wave propagation, scattering, and non-destructive evaluation, electromagnetic wave propagation in metamaterials and periodic structures and applications, interconnects on lossy silicon and radio frequency components, antenna radiation and electromagnetic wave scattering using fast algorithms, and transient electromagnetic fields. He received the NSF Career Award in 2006 and is an IEEE Fellow and ACES Fellow.

References

D. Entekhabi, E. G. Njoku, P. E. O'Neill, K. H. Kellogg, W. T. Crow, W. N. Edelstein, J. K. Entin, S. D. Goodman, T. J. Jackson, J. Johnson, J. Kimball, J. R. Piepmeier, R. D. Koster, N. Martin, K. C. McDonald, M. Moghaddam, S. Moran, R. Reichle, J. C. Shi, M. W. Spencer, S. W. Thurman, L. Tsang, and J. Van Zyl, “The soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 704-716, May 2010.

Y. H. Kerr Kerr, P. Waldteufel, J.-P. Wigneron, S. Delwart, F. Cabot, J. Boutin, M.-J. Escorihuela, J. Font, N. Reul, C. Gruhier, S. N. Juglea, M. R. Drinkwater, A. Hahne, M. Martín-Neira, and S. Mecklenburg, “The SMOS mission: New tool for monitoring key elements of the global water cycle,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 666- 687, May 2010.

J.-P. Wigneron, Y. Kerr, P. Waldteufel, K. Saleh, M.-J. Escorihuela, P. Richaume, P. Ferrazzoli, P. de Rosnay, R. Gurney, J.-C. Calvet, J.P. Grant, M. Guglielmetti, B. Hornbuckle, C. Mätzler, T. Pellarin, and M. Schwank, “L-band microwave emission of the biosphere (L-MEB) model: Description and calibration against experimental data sets over crop fields,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 639-655, 2007.

P. O’Neill, S. Chan, E. Njoku, T. Jackson, and R. Bindlish, “Algorithm theoretical basis document level 2 & 3 soil moisture (passive) data products; revision B,” Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. Technol.: Pasadena, CA, USA, 2017.

V. A. Walker, B. K. Hornbuckle and M. H. Cosh, “A five-year evaluation of SMOS level 2 soil moisture in the corn belt of the United States,” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 4664-4675, Dec. 2018.

V. A. Walker, B. K. Hornbuckle, M. H. Cosh, and J. H. Prueger, “Seasonal evaluation of SMAP soil moisture in the U.S. corn belt,” Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 21, pp. 5-7, 2019.

M. Kurum, “Quantifying scattering albedo in microwave emission of vegetated terrain,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 129, pp. 66-74, 2013.

B. K. Hornbuckle and T. L. Rowlandson, “Evaluating the first-order tau-omega model of terrestrial microwave emission,” IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 193-196, July 2008.

F. T. Ulaby, A. Tavakoli, and B. A. Thomas, “Microwave propagation constant for a vegetation canopy with vertical stalks,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 714-725, Nov. 1987.

H. Huang, L. Tsang, E. G. Njoku, and A. Colliander, “A new vegetation model based on numerical 3D solutions of Maxwell equations,” IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 2903-2906, July 2017.

A. Colliander, E. G. Njoku, H. Huang, and L. Tsang, “Soil moisture retrieval using full wave simulations of 3-D Maxwell equations for compensating vegetation effects,” IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 1418-1421, July 2018.

HFSS documentation: Floquet Ports, Ansoft Corporation, Canonsburg, PA, USA, 2016.

M. Malajner and D. Gleich, “Soil moisture estimation using UWB,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Conference, pp. 298- 299, Honolulu, HI, USA, Mar. 2016.

K. P. Prokopidis and T. D. Tsiboukis, “Modeling of ground-penetrating radar for detecting buried objects in dispersive soils,” Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 287-294, July 2007.

HFSS Workshop 9-1: Unit cell analysis (infinite array), Ansoft Corporation, Canonsburg, PA, USA, 2015.

S. N. Makarov and A. Puzella, “Scan impedance for an infinite dipole array: Hansen's formulas compared with Ansoft HFSS simulations [EM programmer's notebook],” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 143-156, Aug. 2007.

A. K. Bhattacharyya, Phased Array Antennas: Floquet Analysis, Synthesis, BFNs and Active Array Systems, 1st ed. Wiley-Interscience, 2006.

C. A. Balanis, Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics, 2nd ed., pp. 188-208, John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

W. C. Chew, Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media, 1st ed., pp. 49-53, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1995.

Downloads

Published

2021-11-04

How to Cite

[1]
J. . Park, P. . Gurrala, B. K. . Hornbuckle, and J. . Song, “Modeling the Microwave Transmissivity of Row Crops”, ACES Journal, vol. 36, no. 06, pp. 816–823, Nov. 2021.

Issue

2021: Vol 36 Iss 6

Section

Articles