Fast CPU/GPU Pattern Evaluation of Irregular Arrays

Authors

  • A. Capozzoli Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21 Naples, Italy
  • C. Curcio Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21 Naples, Italy
  • G. D’Elia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21 Naples, Italy
  • A. Liseno Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21 Naples, Italy
  • P. Vinetti Dipartimento di Ingegneria Biomedica, Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio, 21 Naples, Italy

Keywords:

Fast CPU/GPU Pattern Evaluation of Irregular Arrays

Abstract

An approach for the fast analysis of “irregular”, i.e., of conformal, periodic or aperiodic, 2D arrays, based on the use of the pseries approach and Non-Uniform FFT (NUFFT) routines is proposed. The approach allows for modulating the computational burden depending on the array curvature and, thanks to the use of the NUFFT, the asymptotic growth of the computing time reduces to that of a few, standard FFTs. A sub-array partition strategy is also sketched and shown to further unburden the procedure and control the accuracy. The approach has been implemented in both sequential and parallel codes enabling its execution on CPUs and on costeffective, massively parallel computing platforms like Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). Its performance in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy has been assessed by an extensive numerical analysis and also against benchmarks provided by algorithms based on fast Matrix- Vector Multiplication routines.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

O.M. Bucci, G. D’Elia, G. Mazzarella, and G.

Panariello, “Antenna pattern synthesis: a new

general approach”, Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 82,

no. 3, pp. 358-371, Mar. 1994.

A. Capozzoli and G. D’Elia, “ Global

optimization and antennas synthesis and

diagnostics, part one: concepts, tools,

strategies and performances”, Progr.

Electromagn. Res. PIER, vol. 56, pp. 195-232,

A. Capozzoli and G. D’Elia, “Global

optimization and antennas synthesis and

diagnosis, part two: applications to advanced

reflector antennas synthesis and diagnosis

techniques”, Progr. Electromagn. Res. PIER,

vol. 56, pp. 233-261, 2006.

L. Josefsson and P. Persson, Conformal array

antenna theory and design, J. Wiley & Sons.,

New York, 2006.

G. Caille, I. Lager, L.P. Ligthart, C. Mangenot,

A.G. Roederer, G. Toso, and M.C. Viganò,

“Aperiodic arrays for multiple beam satellite

applications,” Proc. of the 11th Int. Symp. on

Microw. Opt. Tech., pp. 419-422, Dec. 2007.

A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A. Liseno,

and P. Vinetti, “FFT & aperiodic arrays with

phase-only control and constraints due to

super-directivity, mutual coupling and overall

size”, Proc. of the 30th ESA Antenna

Workshop on Antennas for Earth Observ.,

Science, Telecomm. and Navig. Space

Missions, May 2008.

A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, and A.

Liseno, “Fast power pattern synthesis of

conformal reflectarrays”, Proc. of the IEEE

Antennas Prop. Symp., pp. 1-4, July 2008.

A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A. Liseno,

and P. Vinetti, “FFT & equivalently tapered

arrays”, Proc. of the XXIX URSI General

Assembly, Aug. 2008.

J.H. Doles III and F.D. Benedict, “Broad-band

array design using the asymptotic theory of

unequally spaced arrays,” IEEE Trans.

Antennas Prop., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 27-33, Jan.

A. Akdagli and K. Guney, “Shaped-beam

pattern synthesis of equally and unequally

spaced linear antenna arrays using a modified

tabu search algorithm,” Microw. Optical Tech.

Lett., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 16-20, Jan. 2003.

J. Huang, M. Lou, A. Feria, and Y. Kim, “An

inflatable L-band microstrip SAR array”,

Proc. of the IEEE Antennas Prop. Int. Symp.,

pp. 2100-2103, Jun. 1998.

R.E. Collin, Antennas and radiowave

propagation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985.

A.W. Rudge, K. Milne, A.D. Olver, and P.

Knight, The Handbook of Antenna Design Vol.

, London, Peter Peregrinus, 1983.

J.W. Cooley and J.W. Tukey, “An algorithm

for the machine calculation of complex

Fourier series”, Math. Comput., vol. 19, no.

, pp. 297-301, Apr. 1965.

V. Galindo-Israel and R. Mittra, “A new

series representation of the radiation integral

with application to reflector antennas”, IEEE

Trans. Antennas Prop., vol. AP-25, no. 5, pp.

-641, Sept. 1977.

O.M. Bucci, G. Franceschetti, and G. D’Elia,

“Fast analysis of large antennas – a new

computational philosophy”, IEEE Trans.

Antennas Prop., vol. AP-28, no. 3, pp. 306-

, May 1980.

K. Fourmont, “Non-equispaced fast Fourier

transforms with applications to tomography,”

CAPOZZOLI, CURCIO, D'ELIA, LISENO, VINETTI: FAST CPU/GPU PATTERN EVALUATION OF IRREGULAR ARRAYS

J. Fourier Anal. Appl., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 431-

, Sept. 2003.

J. Y. Lee and L. Greengard, “The type 3

nonuniform FFT and its applications”, J.

Comput. Phys., vol. 206, n. 1, pp. 1-5, Jun.

J.D. Owens, M. Houston, D. Luebke, S.

Green, J. E. Stone, and J. C. Phillips, “GPU

computing”, Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 96, no. 5,

pp. 879-899, May 2008.

www.top500.org .

T. R. Halfhill, “Parallel processing with

CUDA”, Microproc. Rep.,

http://www.nvidia.com/docs/IO/55972/220401

_Reprint.pdf, Jan. 28, 2008.

S. S. Stone, J. P. Haldar, S. C. Tsao, W. M.

Hwu, B.P. Sutton, and Z.P. Liang,

“Accelerating advanced MRI reconstructions

on GPUs”, J. Parallel Distr. Comp., vol. 68,

no. 10, pp. 1307-1318, Oct. 2008.

M. J. Inman and A. Z. Elsherbeni,

“Programming video cards for computational

electromagnetics applications”, IEEE

Antennas Prop. Mag., vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 71-

, Dec. 2005.

D. Kirk and H. M. Hwu, CUDA Textbook, in

press.

M. Bläser, “Lower bounds for the

multiplicative complexity of matrix

multiplication”, Comput. Complex., vol. 8, no.

, pp. 203-226, Dec. 1999.

K. Atkinson and D. D. K. Chien, “A fast

matrix-vector multiplication method for

solving the radiosity equation”, Adv. in

Comput. Math., vol. 12, no. 2-3, Feb. 2000,

pp. 151-174.

http://matrixprogramming.com/MatrixMultipl

y/

D. Sundararajan, The Discrete Fourier

Transform: Theory, Algorithms and

Applications, Singapore, Word Scientific,

F. Smithies, Integral equations, Cambridge,

Cambridge University Press, 1958.

J. P. Boyd, “A fast algorithm for Chebyshev,

Fourier and sinc interpolation onto an irregular

grid”, J. Comput. Phys., vol. 103, no. 2, pp.

-257, Dec. 1992.

A. Dutt and V. Rokhlin, “Fast Fourier

transforms for nonequispaced data”, SIAM J.

Sci. Comput., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1368-1393,

Nov. 1993.

Q. H. Liu and N. Nguyen, “An accurate

algorithm for nonuniform fast Fourier

transforms (NUFFT’s)”, IEEE Microw.

Guided Wave Lett., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 18-20,

Jan. 1998.

J. A. Fessler, B. P. Sutton, “Nonuniform fast

Fourier transforms using min-max

interpolation”, IEEE Trans. Signal Proc., vol.

, no. 2, pp. 560-574, Feb. 2003.

W. P. M. N. Keizer, “Large planar array

thinning using iterative FFT techniques”,

IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., vol. 57, no. 10,

pp. 3359-3362, Oct. 2009.

H. Legay, B. Salome, E. Labiole, M. A.

Milon, D. Cadoret, R. Gillard, R.

Chaharmir,and J. Shaker, “Reflectarrays for

satellite telecommunication antennas”, Proc.

of the 2 nd Europ. Conf. on Antennas Prop.,

Nov. 11-16, 2007.

A. G. Roederer, “Reflectarray antennas”,

Proc. of the 3 rd Europ. Conf. on Antennas

Prof., pp. 18-22, Mar. 2009.

A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, A.

Liseno, D. Bresciani, and H. Legay, “Fast

phase-only synthesis of faceted reflectarrays”,

Proc. of the 3 rd Europ. Conf. on Antennas

Prop., pp. 1329-1333, Mar. 23-27, 2009,

N. Yuan, T. S. Yeo, X. C. Nie, and L. W. Li,

“A fast analysis of scattering and radiation of

large microstrip antenna arrays”, IEEE Trans.

Antennas Prop., vol. 51, no .9, pp. 2218-2226,

Sept. 2003.

M. Frigo and S.G. Johnson, “The design and

implementation of FFTW3”, Proc. of the

IEEE, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 216-231, Feb. 2005.

The Numerical Algorithms Group, Intel Math

Kernel Library Reference Manual, Intel

Corporation, 2001.

J. L. Hennessy and D. A. Patterson, Computer

Architecture: a quantitative approach, San

Francisco, USA, Morgan Kauffman Publisher,

NVIDIA CUDA Reference Manual, v. 2.0,

Jun. 2008.

CUDA cuFFT Library, Oct. 2007.

CUDA cuBLAS Library, Sept. 2007.

D. Göddeke, R. Strzodka, J. Mohd-Yusof, P.

McCormick, S.H.M. Buijssen, M. Grajewski,

and S. Turek, “Exploring weak scalability for

ACES JOURNAL, VOL. 25, NO. 4, APRIL 2010

FEM calculations on a GPU-enhanced

cluster”, Parallel Comp., vol. 33, no. 10-11,

pp. 685-699, Nov. 2007.

A. Capozzoli, C. Curcio, G. D’Elia, and A.

Liseno, “Power pattern synthesis of multifeed

reconfigurable reflectarrays”, Proc. of the 29th

ESA Antenna Workshop on Multiple Beams

Reconfig. Antennas, Apr. 2007

Downloads

Published

2022-06-17

How to Cite

[1]
A. . Capozzoli, C. . Curcio, G. . D’Elia, A. . Liseno, and . P. . Vinetti, “Fast CPU/GPU Pattern Evaluation of Irregular Arrays”, ACES Journal, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 355–372, Jun. 2022.

Issue

Section

General Submission