Design and Optimization of Single, Dual, and Triple Band Transmission Line Matching Transformers for Frequency-Dependent Loads
Keywords:
Design and Optimization of Single, Dual, and Triple Band Transmission Line Matching Transformers for Frequency-Dependent LoadsAbstract
This paper presents a design method for matching a frequency- varying load to a lossless transmission line at N frequency points using N transmission line sections. The formulation is based on the ABCD matrix of a cascaded N-section transmission line, terminated by a complex load. The unknown characteristic impedances and lengths of the sections are found by imposing the matching condition at N frequencies. Analytical solution for the nonlinear equations is known for the N = 1 case only; for N > 1, analytical solution is difficult to obtain, and therefore, the highly efficient particle swarm optimization method is used to find the design the parameters after casting the design into an optimization problem. Different numerical examples are presented and discussed that illustrate the validity of the proposed design method.
Downloads
References
W.-C. Liu, W.-R. Chen, and C.-M. Wu, “Printed double
S-shaped monopole antenna for wideband and
multiband operation of wireless communications,” IEE
Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 151, no. 6, pp.
-476, Dec. 2004.
W.-C. Liu, “Design of a CPW-fed notched planar
monopole antenna for multiband operations using a
genetic algorithm,” IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas
Propag., vol. 152, no. 4, pp. 273-277, Aug. 2005.
Y. H. Shum, K. M. Luk, and C. H. Chan, “Multi-band
base station antenna with compact microstrip resonant
cell filters,” IEE Proc.-Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.
, no. 6, pp. 545-548, Dec. 2004.
H. Nakajima and M. Muraguchi, “Dual-frequency
matching technique and its application to an octave-
band (30-60 GHz) MMIC amplifier,” IEICE Trans.
Electron., vol. E80-C, no. 12, pp. 1614-1621, Dec.
C.- M. Tsai, C.- C. Tsai, and S.- Y. Lee,
“Nonsynchronous alternating-impedance transformers,”
Proc. of Asia Pacific Microwave Conference, 2001,
Taiwan, pp. 310-313.
K. Wan, Y. Chow, and K. Luk, “Simple design of dual-
frequency unequal power-divider,” Electronics Letters,
vol. 37, no. 19, pp. 1171-1173, Sep. 2001.
Y. Chow and K. Wan, “A transformer of one-third
wavelength in two sections – for a frequency and its
first harmonic,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless
Components Letters, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 22-23, Jan.
C. Monzon, “Analytical derivation of a two-section
impedance transformer for a frequency and its first
harmonic,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components
Letters, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 381-382, Oct. 2002.
C. Monzon, “A small dual-frequency transformer in two
sections,” IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1157-1161, April 2003.
S. Orfanidis, “A two-section dual-band chebyshev
impedance transformer,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless
KHODIER: DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF TL MATCHING TRANSFORMERS FOR FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT LOADS
Components Letters, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 382-384, Sep.
G. Castaldi, V. Fiumara, and I. Pinto, “A dual-band
chebyshev impedance transformer,” Microwave and
Optical Technology Letters, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 141-145,
Oct. 2003.
S. Srisathit, S. Virunphun, K. Bandudej, M.
Chongcheawchamnan, and A. Worapishet, “A dual-
band 3- dB three-port power divider based on a two-
section transmission line transformer,” IEEE MTT-S Int.
Microwave Symp. Digest, pp. 35-38, 2003.
L. Wu, H. Yilmaz, T. Bitzer, A. Pascht, and M. Berroth,
“A dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider: for a
frequency and its first harmonic,” IEEE Microwave and
Wireless Components Letters, vol. 15, vol. 2, pp. 107-
, Feb. 2005.
M. Chongcheawchamnan, S. Patisang, S. Srisathit, R.
Phromloungsri, and S. Bunnjaweht, “Analysis and
design of a three-section transmission-line transformer,”
IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
vol. 53, vol. 7, pp. 2458-2462, July 2005.
M. Khodier, N. Dib, and J. Ababneh, “Design of multi-
band transmission line transformer using particle swarm
optimization,” Electrical Engineering, Springer, vol.
, no. 4, pp. 293-300, April 2008.
N. Dib and M. Khodier “Design and optimization of
multi-band Wilkinson power divider” International
Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided
Engineering, pp. 14-20, Jan. 2008.
P. Colantonio, F. Giannini, and L. Scucchia, “A new
approach to design matching networks with distributed
elements,” Proc. MIKON 2004, Warsaw, Poland, pp.
-814, 2004.
P. Colantonio, F. Giannini, and L. Scucchia, “Matching
network design criteria for wideband high-frequency
amplifiers,” Int. J. RF and Microwave CAE, vol. 15, pp.
-433, 2005.
M. K. Amirhosseini, “Wideband or multiband complex
impedance matching using microstrip volnuniform
transmission lines,” Progress In Electromagnetics
Research, PIER 66, pp. 15–25, 2006.
J. Kennedy and R. C. Eberhart, “Particle swarm
optimization,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural
Networks, vol. IV, Perth, Australia, pp. 1942–1948,
Dec. 1995.
Y. Shi and R. C. Eberhart, “Empirical study of particle
swarm optimization,” in Proc. Congress Evolutionary
Computation, Washington, DC, pp. 1945–1950, 1999.
R. C. Eberhart and Y. Shi, “Comparing inertia weights
and constriction factors in particle swarm optimization,”
in Proc. Congress on Evolutionary Computation,
Piscataway, NJ, pp. 84–88, 2000.
R. C. Eberhart and Y. Shi, “Particle swarm
optimization: developments, applications and
resources,” in Proc. Congress on Evolutionary
Computation, Seoul, Korea, pp. 81–86, 2001.
D. Gies and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm
optimization for reconfigurable phase-differentiated
array design,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 38,
pp. 168–175, Aug. 2003.
D. W. Boeringer and D. H. Werner, “Particle swarm
optimization versus genetic algorithms for phased array
synthesis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, no.
, pp. 771–779, Mar. 2004.
M. M. Khodier and C. G. Christodoulou, “Linear array
geometry synthesis with minimum sidelobe level and
null control using particle swarm optimization,” IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, vol. 8, pp. 2674-
, Aug. 2005.
J. Ababneh, M. Khodier, and N. Dib, “Synthesis of
interdigital capacitors based on particle swarm
optimization and artificial neural networks,”
International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-
Aided Engineering, vol. 16, pp. 322-330, July 2006.
David M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4 th Ed.,
Wiley 2005.
Ansoft Designer v3.5, http://www.ansoft.com.
PCAAD 4.0: Personal Computer Aided Antenna
Design, Antenna Design Associates, Inc.
A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 2nd
Ed., Wiley, 1997
