A Lossy Coated Thin Wire Model Based on the Unconditionally Stable Associated Hermite FDTD Method

Authors

  • Yi-Ru Zheng Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
  • Sun Zheng Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing, 210007, China
  • Chen Chao Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
  • Zheng-Yu Huang Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
  • Xin-Ran Chen Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2024.ACES.J.400701

Keywords:

Associated Hermite (AH), Faraday’s law contour-path formulation, finite-different time-domain (FDTD), lossy coated thin wires, unconditionally stable (US)

Abstract

This paper presents a lossy coated thin wire model based on the unconditionally stable (US) associated Hermite finite-difference time-domain (AH FDTD) method. The normal electric field discontinuity between lossy coated and surrounding media is corrected as the time-domain boundary condition. The coefficient matrix equation of lossy coated thin wires in AH domain is deduced by the static field model of infinite thin wires and the Faraday’s law contour-path formulation, finally the thin wires with lossy coated is modeled. Three examples of dipole antenna, five-element Yagi antenna and square antenna are used to verify the accuracy and high efficiency of the lossy coated thin wire model. The results show that the model can maintain the relative error of less than -26 dB and reduce computation time compared with the traditional FDTD method.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Yi-Ru Zheng, Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

Yi-Ru Zheng was born in Hubei, China, in 2001. She received a B.D. degree from China Three Gorges University in 2023. She is currently working on her M.D. at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Her research interests include EMC, FDTD, PINN.

Sun Zheng, Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing, 210007, China

Sun Zheng received the B.S. degree in Automatic control in 2009 from Southeast University, Jiangsu, China and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from PLA University of Science & Technology, Jiangsu, China, in 2014, respectively. He is currently working as a lecturer in the PLA Army Engineering University, with his main interests in computing electromagnetics and lightning protections.

Chen Chao, Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

Chen Chao was born in Anhui, China, in 1999. He received a B.D. from Shantou University, China in 2021. He is currently working on his M.D. at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His research interests include EMC, FDTD.

Zheng-Yu Huang, Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

Zheng-Yu Huang is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronic and Information Engineering at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. He holds memberships in IEEE, IET, and ACES, and is a Senior Member of the Chinese Institute of Electronics. His research interests include computational electromagnetics, with a focus on fast algorithms, multi-physics modeling, and physics-informed machine learning methods. In 2014, he proposed the AH FDTD method, an efficient and unconditionally stable time-domain approach based on orthogonal expansion in time-domain (OETD), which demonstrates significant potential for multi-scale and multi-physics simulations. The method has been continuously improved through advances in wave excitation schemes, absorbing boundary conditions, iterative solvers, periodic structure analysis, dispersive media modeling, low-frequency analysis, and parallel computing techniques. He was recognized as a Young Scientific Talent by the Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology in 2019, and as a Young Scientist by ACES-China in 2021. He is the author of one research monograph “The Unconditionally Stable Associated Hermite FDTD Algorithm” (Science Press) and one textbook “Research Skills and Techniques for Electronics and Information Engineering” (Tsinghua University Press). He also serves as a reviewer for leading journals, including IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, and the Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal. He has served as a session chair and technical program committee member for major international conferences, such as ACES, ICCEM, PIERS, UCMMT, CSQRW, and APEMC.

Xin-Ran Chen, Collage of Electronic and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

Xin-Ran Chen was born in China. She received her B.E. degree from China University of Petroleum (East China) in 2024. She is currently pursuing her M.E. degree at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Her research interests include EMC, FDTD.

References

T. Hertel and G. Smith, “The insulated linear antenna-revisited,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 914–920, 2000.

J. Willoughby and P. Lowell, “Development of loop aerial for submarine radio communication,” Phys. Rev, vol. 14, pp. 193–194, 1919.

A. Taflove, S. C. Hagness, and M. Piket-May, “Computational electromagnetics: The finite-difference time-domain method,” The Electrical Engineering Handbook, vol. 3, pp. 629–670, 2005.

J. Boonzaaier and C. Pistonius, “Finite-difference time-domain field approximations for thin wires with a lossy coating,” IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 141, no. 2, pp. 107–113, 1994.

R. Holland and L. Simpson, “Finite-difference analysis of EMP coupling to thin struts and wires,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. EMC-23, no. 2, pp. 88–97, 1981.

C. J. Railton, B. P. Koh, and I. J. Craddock, “The treatment of thin wires in the FDTD method using a weighted residuals approach,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 2941–2949, 2004.

C. J. Railton, D. L. Paul, I. J. Craddock, and G. S. Hilton, “The treatment of geometrically small structures in FDTD by the modification of assigned material parameters,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 4129–4136, 2005.

K. Umashankar, A. Taflove, and B. Beker, “Calculation and experimental validation of induced currents on coupled wires in an arbitrary shaped cavity,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1248–1257, 1987.

A. Ruddle, D. Ward, R. Scaramuzza, and V. Trenkic, “Development of thin wire models in TLM,” in 1998 IEEE EMC Symposium. International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Symposium Record (Cat. No. 98CH36253), vol. 1, pp. 196–201, 1998.

J. Shibayama, M. Muraki, J. Yamauchi, and H. Nakano, “Efficient implicit FDTD algorithm based on locally one-dimensional scheme,” Electronics Letters, vol. 41, no. 19, p. 1, 2005.

C. Sun and C. Trueman, “Unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson scheme for solving two-dimensional Maxwell’s equations,” Electronics Letters, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 595–597, 2003.

Y.-S. Chung, T. K. Sarkar, B. H. Jung, and M. Salazar-Palma, “An unconditionally stable scheme for the finite-difference time-domain method,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 697–704, 2003.

C. Li, Z.-Y. Huang, Z.-A. Chen, S. Zhu, A.-W. Yang, and Z.-J. Wang, “Unconditionally stable FDTD method based on Chebyshev polynomials—Chebyshev (CS) FDTD,” in 2021 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES-China) Symposium, pp. 1–2, 2021.

J. Lee and B. Fornberg, “A split step approach for the 3-D Maxwell’s equations,” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 158, no. 2, pp. 485–505, 2003.

Z.-Y. Huang, L.-H. Shi, and B. Chen, “The 3-D unconditionally stable associated Hermite finite-difference time-domain method,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 5534–5543, 2020.

Z. Chen, Z. Huang, S. Liu, Q. Zeng, and R. E. V. Lorena, “The associated Hermite FDTD method with the thin-wire modeling in low-frequency cases,” IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques, vol. 7, pp. 56–60, 2022.

R. Luebbers, F. P. Hunsberger, K. S. Kunz, R. B. Standler, and M. Schneider, “A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain formulation for dispersive materials,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 222–227, 1990.

S.-Y. Hyun and S.-Y. Kim, “Thin-wire model using subcellular extensions in the finite-difference time-domain analysis of thin and lossy insulated cylindrical structures in lossy media,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1009–1016, 2009.

Z.-Y. Huang, L.-H. Shi, and B. Chen, “Efficient implementation for the AH FDTD method with iterative procedure and CFS-PML,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 2728–2733, 2017.

Downloads

Published

2025-07-30

How to Cite

[1]
Y.-R. . Zheng, S. . Zheng, C. . Chao, Z.-Y. . Huang, and X.-R. . Chen, “A Lossy Coated Thin Wire Model Based on the Unconditionally Stable Associated Hermite FDTD Method”, ACES Journal, vol. 40, no. 07, pp. 571–578, Jul. 2025.

Issue

2025: Vol 40 Iss 7

Section

General Submission

Categories