3-D Analytical Predictions of Surface-inset Axial Flux Machines with Different Halbach Arrangements

Authors

  • Youyuan Ni School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • Chenhao Liu School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • Benxian Xiao School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • Yong Lin School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2025.ACES.J.4001010

Keywords:

3-D analytical predictions, electromagnetic torque, finite element analysis, surface-inset axial flux machine, T-shaped Halbach arrangements

Abstract

A three-dimensional (3-D) analytical model with a high computational efficiency is proposed for a surface-inset axial flux machine (SIAFM). Accounting for the air-gap fringing field, the proposed 3-D analytical model is used to compute the magnetic field in the SIAFMs with conventional, Hat- and T-shaped Halbach arrangements. Based on the linear superposition method, the 3-D scalar potential equations for different regions with boundary condition equations are obtained. On this basis, the air-gap magnetic field and electromagnetic parameters can be derived. To demonstrate the advantages, the optimization performance of the T-shaped Halbach machine model is compared with that of conventional and Hat-shaped Halbach machine models. The prediction indicates that the optimized T-shaped Halbach machine model has the greatest electromagnetic torque. Finally, a 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) validates the 3-D analytical predictions.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Youyuan Ni, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Youyuan Ni received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China, in 1999 and 2006, respectively. Since 2006, he has been with Hefei University of Technology, where he is currently an associate professor. His current research interest includes design and control of electric machines.

Chenhao Liu, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Chenhao Liu received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering and automation from Liaoning Technical University, Huludao, China, in 2021. He is currently working toward the M.E. degree in electrical engineering with Hefei University of Technology. His current research interests include design of permanent magnet machines.

Benxian Xiao, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Benxian Xiao received the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Automation, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China, in 2004. He is currently a Professor of control theory and control engineering subjects. His current research interests include fault diagnosis, fault-tolerant control, intelligent control, automotive steering control systems, and system modeling and simulation.

Yong Lin, School of Electrical Engineering & Automation Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China

Yong Lin received the B.Eng. and M.S. degrees from Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China, in 1995 and 2002, both in automation engineering. He is currently an associate researcher. His research interests include automotive control systems and system modeling and simulation.

References

S. Kumar, W. Zhao, Z. S. Du, T. A. Lipo, and B. Kwon, “Design of ultrahigh speed axial-flux permanent magnet machine with sinusoidal back EMF for energy storage application,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 1-4, Nov. 2015.

J. Zhu, G. H. Li, D. Cao, Z. Y. Zhang, and S. H. Li, “Comparative analysis of coreless axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator for wind power generation,” J. Electr. Eng. Technol., vol. 15, pp. 727-735, 2020.

F. Nishanth, J. Van Verdeghem, and E. L. Severson, “A review of axial flux permanent magnet machine technology,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 3920-3933, 2023.

Electrek, Mercedes-Benz Unveils Vision One Eleven Concept with Axial Flux Motors and ‘Unique Battery Chemistry’ [Online]. Available: https://electrek.co/2023/06/15/mercedes-benz-vision-one-eleven-concept-axial-flux-motors-ev-electric/

McLaren, Artura Coupe [Online]. Available: https://cars.mclaren.com/us-en/artura

Evolito, ACCEL: The World’s Fastest Electric Plane [Online]. Available: https://evolito.aero/accel/

Evolito, Axial flux motors [Online]. Available: https://evolito.aero/axial-flux-motors/

Propel, D1 [Online]. Available: https://propel.me/d1/

EPTechnologies, Falcon electric outboard launch [Online]. Available: https://www.metstrade.com/exhibitors/eptechnologies/news/falcon-electric-outboard-launch

EMRAX, EMRAX 188 [Online] https://emrax.com/e-motors/emrax-188/

W. L. Soong, Z. Cao, E. Roshandel, and S. Kahourzade, “Unbalanced axial forces in axial-flux machines,” in 32nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, pp. 1-6, 2022.

S. Ge, W. Geng, and Q. Li, “A new flux-concentrating rotor of double stator and single rotor axial flux permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle traction application,” in 2022 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp. 1-6, 2022.

S. Amin, S. Khan, and S. S. Hussain Bukhari, “A comprehensive review on axial flux machines and its applications,” in 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies, Sukkur, Pakistan, pp. 1-7, 2019.

T. Okita and H. Harada, “3-D analytical model of axial-flux permanent magnet machine with segmented multipole-Halbach array,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 2078-2091, 2023.

L. Yang, K. Yang, S. J. Sun, Y. X. Luo, and C. Luo, “Study on the influence of a combined-Halbach array for the axial flux permanent magnet electrical machine with yokeless and segmented armature,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1-5, Mar. 2024.

Y. Cao, L. Feng, R. Mao, and K. Li, “Analysis of analytical magnetic field and flux regulation characteristics of axial-flux permanent magnet memory machine,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 1-9, Sep. 2022.

X. Wang, X. Zhao, P. Gao, and T. Li, “A new parallel magnetic circuit axial flux permanent magnet in-wheel motor,” in 24th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, pp. 1107-1111, 2021.

W. Geng and Z. Zhang, “Analysis and implementation of new ironless stator axial-flux permanent magnet machine with concentrated nonoverlapping windings,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 1274-1284, Sep. 2018.

A. Zerioul, L. Hadjout, Y. Ouazir, H. Bensaidane, A. Benbekai, and O. Chaouch, “3D analytical model to compute the electromagnetic torque of axial flux magnetic coupler with a rectangular-shaped magnet,” in International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb, pp. 1-4, 2018.

B. Dolisy, S. Mezani, T. Lubin, and J. Lévêque, “A new analytical torque formula for axial field permanent magnets coupling,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conver., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 892-899, Sep. 2015.

W. Xu, Y. Hu, Y. Zhang, and J. Wang, “Design of an integrated magnetorheological fluid brake axial flux permanent magnet machine,” IEEE Trans. Transp. Electr., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1876-1886, Mar. 2024.

A. Hemeida and P. Sergeant, “Analytical modeling of surface PMSM using a combined solution of Maxwell’s equations and magnetic equivalent circuit,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 1-13, Dec. 2014.

O. Laldin, S. D. Sudhoff, and S. Pekarek, “Modified Carter’s coefficient,” IEEE Trans. Energy Conver., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1133-1134, Sep. 2015.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-30

How to Cite

[1]
Y. . Ni, C. . Liu, B. . Xiao, and Y. . Lin, “3-D Analytical Predictions of Surface-inset Axial Flux Machines with Different Halbach Arrangements”, ACES Journal, vol. 40, no. 01, pp. 79–88, Jan. 2025.

Issue

2025: Vol 40 Iss 1

Section

General Submission

Categories