Electromagnetic Analysis of a Novel Two-Degree-of-Freedom Tubular Linear Rotary Switched Reluctance Machine

Authors

  • Cheng Liu School of Electrical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • Hao Chen School of Electrical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China, Shenzhen Research Institute China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen 515100, China, Jiangsu Province Foreign Expert Workshop on New Energy Power Generation and Electric Transportation Xuzhou 221008, China, International Joint Research Center of Central and Eastern European Countries on New Energy Electric Vehicle Technology and Equipment Xuzhou 221008, China
  • Marcin Wardach Department of Electrical Machines and Drives West Pomeranian University of Technology, Sikorskiego 37, 70-313 Szczecin, Poland
  • Javokhir Toshov Tashkent State Technical University University Street No2, 100095 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  • Xing Wang Shenzhen Research Institute China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen 515100, China, Jiangsu Province Foreign Expert Workshop on New Energy Power Generation and Electric Transportation Xuzhou 221008, China
  • Bodrenkov Evgenii Alexandrovich The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • Popov Stanislav Olegovich The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • Nikolay Korovkin The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • Sakhno Liudmila The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • Mohamed Orabi Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
  • Mahmoud A. Gaafar Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
  • Emmanuel Karapidakis School of Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos Campus, 71004 Heraklio, Crete, Greece
  • Aris Dimeas Athens National University of Technology Greece
  • Sherif Moussa School of Engineering Canadian University Dubai, 117781, Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • Habes Ali Khawaldeh The Renewable Energy Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2026.ACES.J.410603

Keywords:

3D finite element model, magnetic field distribution, static electromagnetic characteristics, switched reluctance machine

Abstract

A novel two-degree-of-freedom tubular linear-rotary switched reluctance machine (TLRSRM) is proposed, and its electromagnetic characteristics are investigated. First, based on energy conversion principles, the topology and working mechanism of the TLRSRM are explained. Structural dimensions are determined using conventional motor design experience. Next, a 3D finite element model (FEM) and a structural validation process are established to verify the electromagnetic feasibility of the topology. The magnetic field distributions are compared between the unaligned and aligned positions. Furthermore, parameter sweeping is applied to systematically analyze static electromagnetic characteristics. These include the nonlinear variation of inductance, flux saturation behavior, and electromagnetic force output in a twodimensional position-current parameter space. Finally, the multi-degree-of-freedom coupling mechanism is quantitatively analyzed. Simulation results of both static and dynamic performances successfully confirm the structural feasibility of the proposed topology, thereby establishing a solid theoretical framework for subsequent optimization and control.

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Author Biographies

Cheng Liu, School of Electrical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Cheng Liu received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering and automation from Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China, in 2020, and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, in 2023. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering at China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou. His research interests include switched reluctance motor design control, ocean wave power generation, and electric vehicles.

Hao Chen, School of Electrical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China, Shenzhen Research Institute China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen 515100, China, Jiangsu Province Foreign Expert Workshop on New Energy Power Generation and Electric Transportation Xuzhou 221008, China, International Joint Research Center of Central and Eastern European Countries on New Energy Electric Vehicle Technology and Equipment Xuzhou 221008, China

Hao Chen (SM’08) received the B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Department of Automatic Control, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, in 1991 and 1996, respectively. In 1998, he became an Associate Professor with the School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, where he has been a Professor since 2001. From 2002 to 2003, he was a Visiting Professor at Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea. Since 2008, he has also been an Adjunct Professor at the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. He is the author of one book and has also authored more than 190 papers. He is the holder of 15 US Patents, 23 Australian Patents, one Danish Patent, seven Canadian Patents, three South African Patents, 10 Russian Patents, 86 Chinese Invention Patents, and six Chinese Utility Model Patents. His current research interests include motor control, linear launcher, electric vehicles, electric traction, servo drives, and wind power generator control.

Chen was the recipient of both the Prize of Science and Technology of Chinese Youth and the Prize of the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation for Youth Teachers in 2004. He was awarded first prize in the Science and Technology advanced of Province and Ministry once, second prize in the Science and Technology advanced of Province and Ministry seven times, and third prize in Science and Technology Advanced of Province and Ministry 14 times. He became the Chinese New Century Hundred-Thousand Ten-Thousand Talents Engineering National Talent in 2007, and won the Government Especial Allowance of People’s Republic of China State Department since 2006.

Marcin Wardach, Department of Electrical Machines and Drives West Pomeranian University of Technology, Sikorskiego 37, 70-313 Szczecin, Poland

Marcin Wardach was born in Poland in 1980. He graduated and received the Ph.D. degree from the Electrical Department, Szczecin University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland, in 2004 and 2009, respectively. From 2020 until now, he has served as Associate Professor with the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, in Szczecin. Since 2024, he has served as Vice-Dean for Organization and Development and Head of the Department of Electrical Machines and Drives at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, in Szczecin. From 2019 to 2025, he worked as an electrical machine designer at mPower Sp. z o.o. company. His research interests include the design of electrical machines and drives, especially unconventional and hybrid excited. He is the author of over 100 scientific papers and post-conference publications. Since 2022, he has been President of the Szczecin Branch of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP). He is also a member of the Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Electrical Engineering.

Javokhir Toshov, Tashkent State Technical University University Street No2, 100095 Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Javokhir Toshov currently works at the Department of Mining Electromechanics, Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan. Javokhir does research in Mechanical Engineering and Mining Engineering in the Department of Electronic Devices Manufacturing Technologies, Faculty of Electronic and Automation Engineering, Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent 100095, Uzbekistan; Department of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, Karshi State University, Karshi 180119, Uzbekistan.

Xing Wang, Shenzhen Research Institute China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen 515100, China, Jiangsu Province Foreign Expert Workshop on New Energy Power Generation and Electric Transportation Xuzhou 221008, China

Xing Wang received the B.S. degree from China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, China, in 1996, and M.S. degree from China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu, in 1999. In 2007, she became an Associate Professor with China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou. She is a holder of four US Patents, nine Australian Patents, two Canadian Patents, four Russian Patents, 12 Chinese Invention Patents, three Chinese Utility Model Patents, and has authored 15 papers.

Bodrenkov Evgenii Alexandrovich, The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Bodrenkov Evgenii Alexandrovich received the B.S. and M.S. degree from Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Amur State University, and Ph.D. degrees from Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.

Popov Stanislav Olegovich, The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Popov Stanislav Olegovich received the M.S. degree in the field of “Electric power plants and automation of power systems” in 2008, and Ph.D. in Technical Sciences. He has been an associate professor at the Institute of Energy, from 2008 to present in SPBSTU.

Nikolay Korovkin, The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Nikolay Korovkin (Member, IEEE) received the M.S., Ph.D., and Doctorate degrees in electrical engineering from the State Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1977, 1984, and 1995, respectively. He is currently a Professor with the Institute of Energy, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg. Since 1996, he has been an Academician with the Academy of Electrotechnical of Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg. He has about 300 published and reviewed works in Russia and abroad. His main research interests include the inverse problems in electromagnetics, systems described by stiff equations, ill conditioned problems, optimization of power networks, optimization of the location FACTS and PMU-devices, SMART grid technologies, methods for the analysis of reliability and ensuring power balance in EPS, methods of multicriteria optimization and their application to steady-state processes in power networks, transients in transmission line systems, impulse processes in linear and nonlinear systems, problems of the electromagnetic prediction of earthquakes, and identification of the behavior of the biological objects under the influence of the electromagnetic fields.

Sakhno Liudmila, The Institute of Energy Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Sakhno Liudmila (Member, IEEE) received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from Russia Polytechnic Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1972, 1974, and 1982, respectively, and the Doctorate degree in electromechanics and electrical apparatus from St. Petersburg State Technical University, Saint Petersburg, in 2006. She is currently a Professor of Higher School of High Voltage Power Engineering, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg. She has about 200 published and reviewed works in Russia and abroad. Her research interests include the electromagnetic problems in power transformers, the skin effect and the proximity effect in the windings of converter transformers, electromagnetic and thermal characteristics of arc and resistance welding transformers, mechanical strength of structural elements under the action of loads, and field-circuit modeling in high frequency resistance spot welding systems. She has eight Russian Federation Patents.

Mohamed Orabi, Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

Mohamed Orabi (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Ph.D. degree in power electronics from Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, in 2004. He is currently a Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt, where he is also the Founder and the Director of the Aswan Power Electronics Application Research Center. He is the Deputy Dean for the Postgraduate Studies and Research. His current research interests include high-frequency DC-DC converters and power factor correction converters for LEDs and electric vehicles applications, integrated power management, analysis and modeling of nonlinear circuits, and inverter control and design for renewable energy applications. Orabi was the Chair of the IEEE Power Electronics Egypt Chapter until 2020. He is a Guest Editor for IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

Mahmoud A. Gaafar, Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt

Mahmoud A. Gaafar (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering from Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt, in 2004 and 2010, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, in 2017. In 2017, he joined the Aswan Power Electronics Applications Research Center (APEARC), Aswan University. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University. He has been involved in several projects related to power electronics applications. His current research interests include the design and control of power electronics converters for photovoltaic, motor drives, and battery-based systems. Gaafar is also a member of the IEEE Power Electronics Society. He was a recipient of the Baek-Hyun Award in 2018 from the Korean Institute of Power Electronics for his academic contribution to the field of power electronics.

Emmanuel Karapidakis, School of Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos Campus, 71004 Heraklio, Crete, Greece

Emmanuel Karapidkis is an Electrical and Computer Engineer. He was Dean at School of Engineering from 2019 to 2025, and Director of Energy, Environment and Climate Change Institute – IEECC (http://ieecc.hmu.grieecc.hmu.gr) in Hellenic Mediterranean University HMU (http://hmu.grhmu.gr). Since 2022, he has been President of the Board in Hellenic Association of Electricity Storage Systems – HAESS (http://www.haess.grwww.haess.gr). His research interests focus on energy systems, power systems operation, diverse & dispersed generation, micro-grids, renewable energy technologies, energy storage, and energy markets. He is/was scientific coordinator (PI) in 12 European financed projects, 15 National programs and several private funded projects, with more than 8 million euros in total. He has published more than 120 papers (Scopus Author ID 6506872824) in prestigious journals and scientific conferences, and four scientific book chapters. From 2011 to 2015, he was a Member of the Board in Regional Council of Innovation, and from 2015 to 2017, Member of the Board in Energy Planning Council at Region of Crete.

Aris Dimeas, Athens National University of Technology Greece

Aris Evangelos Dimeas is an Assistant Professor at the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), with more than 20 years of experience in power systems operation, smart grids, and energy system digitalization. His expertise spans distribution and transmission system operation, renewable energy integration, microgrids, flexibility markets, artificial intelligence applications, and advanced control and decision-support software. He has played a leading technical and coordination role in more than 30 EU-funded research and innovation projects (H2020 and Horizon Europe), collaborating closely with TSOs, DSOs, regulators, industry, and the European Commission. His work bridges research and real-world deployment, with demonstrated impact on system supervision, resilience, market design, and data-driven grid operation, while his scientific contributions include high-impact publications in leading IEEE and international journals.

Sherif Moussa, School of Engineering Canadian University Dubai, 117781, Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Sherif Moussa is Dean of the School of Engineering, Applied Science, and Technology at the Canadian University Dubai (CUD), UAE. He earned his Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Canada, and his M.Sc. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Canada. Since joining CUD in 2007, Moussa has led the School’s remarkable growth, overseeing the launch and accreditation of several engineering and computing programs, including mechatronics engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, software design, power and renewable energy engineering, and the M.Sc. in Artificial Intelligence. His leadership has also advanced international collaborations, notably with Queen’s University and the University of Ottawa, and strengthened CUD’s engagement with industry partners in emerging technologies. Moussa’s research interests span wireless communication, computer networks, machine learning, and digital systems design. He has published widely in international journals and conferences, serves on technical committees, and is the recipient of the 2015 CUD Research Excellence Award. He is also the founder of CUD’s Robotics Club and a strong advocate for innovation and experiential learning in engineering education.

Habes Ali Khawaldeh, The Renewable Energy Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan

Habes Ali Khawaldeh (Member, IEEE) received the B.E. degree in electrical and computer engineering from The Hashemite University, Jordan, in 2009, and the M.S. degree in electrical power engineering from Yarmouk University, Jordan, in 2013. In 2022, Habes Ali Khawaldeh received his Ph.D. degree in power electronics engineering from the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. Since 2018, he has been a Casual Academician with UTS for various power electronics subjects. Since July 2009, he has been working as an electrical engineer with different companies in Jordan. He was a part-time Faculty Member with Yarmouk University for various power electronics subjects. He was a full-time Faculty Member with Al-Hussein Bin Talal University from 2015 to 2018. His current research interests include renewable energy (RE) systems, power converter design for RE applications, battery systems, multi-port DC/DC converters, and energy conversion systems for the smart grid. He received a Grant from Al al-Bayt University for his Ph.D. degree. He is currently a reviewer for several IEEE, IET, and Elsevier journals. Currently, Habes Ali Khawaldeh is an assistant professor at the University of Al al-Bayt in Jordan.

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Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

[1]
C. . Liu, “Electromagnetic Analysis of a Novel Two-Degree-of-Freedom Tubular Linear Rotary Switched Reluctance Machine”, ACES Journal, vol. 41, no. 06, pp. 512–523, Jun. 2026.

Issue

2026: Vol 41 Iss 6

Section

New Technologies for Electrical Energy Generation & Electric Transportation

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