A Novel Design of Microwave Absorbers Based on Multilayered Composite Materials for Reduction of Radar Cross Section
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.13052/2022.ACES.J.370310关键词:
microwave absorber, absorbing media, radar cross section, transmission line theory, particle swarm optimization摘要
Reduction of radar cross section (RCS) for targets can be achieved by different approaches and coating absorbing materials at the surfaces of targets is one of widely used methods because of its flexibility and good effect. In the work, we put forward a novel method of reducing the RCS based on the design of multilayer composite absorbing materials. The transmission line theory and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to guide the design and analysis, and two kinds of designs, i.e., Type IV and Type VII, are selected finally. Simulation experiments show that the designs are insensitive to the incident angles and polarizations of incident EM wave, which is required for being coated at the surfaces of real objects. Also, the designed absorbing materials are very thin and have an ultra-wide frequency band. The bandwidth of Type-IV design can reach 14.6314.63 GHz, ranging from 3.373.37 to 18.018.0 GHz, while Type-VII design can cover the frequency range from 2.02.0 to 18.018.0 GHz, which represents the major part of radar’s frequency range. The designed absorbing materials are coated at the surface of a perfectly-electric-conducting (PEC) cylinder to validate the effectiveness of the materials, and good results have been obtained.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
参考
G. Ruck, Radar Cross Section Handbook: Volume 1, Springer, 1970.
R. Grant, The Radar Game, Mitchell Institute Press, 2010.
F. Wang, Y. Ren, and K. Li, “Broadband RCS reduction of antenna with AMC using gradually concentric ring arrangement,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2007.
H. Ucar, “Radar cross section reduction,” Journal of Naval Science and Engineering, vol. 9, pp. 72-87, 2013.
W. H. Emerson, “Electromagnetic wave absorbers and anechoic chambers through the years,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 484-490, Apr. 1973.
E. F. Knott, J. F. SChaeffer, and M. T. Tuly, Radar Cross Section, its Prediction, Measurement and Reduction, Artech House, Norwood, 1985.
M. H. Shams, S. M. A. Salehi, and A. Ghasemi, “Electromagnetic wave absorption characteristic of Mg-Ti substituted Ba-hexaferrite,” Mater. Lett., vol. 62, pp. 1731-1733, 2008.
B. A. Munk, Frequency Selective Surface: Theory and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005.
G. T. Ruck, D. E. Barrick, and W. D. Stuart, Radar Cross Section Handbook, Plenum press, New York, 1970.
L. J. Toit, “The design of Jaumann absorbers,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 17-25, 1994.
K. Sarabandi and N. Behdad, “A frequency selective surface with miniaturized elements,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1239-1245, 2007.
N. Landy, S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla, “Perfect metamaterial absorber,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 100, no. 20, pp. 207-402, 2008.
F. Costa, A. Monorchio, and G. Manara, “Theory, Design and Perspectives of Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers,” IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 67-74, 2016.
S. Kasap and P. Capper, Springer Handbook of Electronic and Photonic Materials, Springer,2017.
S. Chejarla, S. R. Thummaluru, S. Kalraiya, and R. K. Chaudhary, “Polarization-angle insensitive metamaterial absorber for wide incident angles,” 2018 3rd International Conference on Microwave and Photonics, pp. 1-2, 2018.
Y. He and J. Jiang, “An ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber with active frequency selective surface,” 2015 9th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics, pp. 100-102, 2015.
R. S. Kshetrimayum, “A brief intro to metamaterials,” IEEE Potentials, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 44-46, Jan. 2005.
N. Gill, J. Singh, S. Puthucheri, and D. Singh, “Thin and broadband two-layer microwave absorber in 4–12 GHz with developed flaky cobalt material,” Electronic Materials Letters, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 288-297, 2018.
W. Yuan, Q. Chen, Y. Xu, H. X, S. Bie, and J. Jiang, “Broadband microwave absorption properties of ultrathin composites containing edge-split square-loop FSS embedded in magnetic sheets,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 16, pp. 278-281, 2016.
N. N. Ali, R. A. B. Al-Marieh, Y. Atassi, A. Salloum, A. Malki, and M. Jafarian, “Design of lightweight broadband microwave absorbers in the X-band based on (polyaniline/MnNiZn ferrite) nanocomposites,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 453, pp. 56-61,2018.
A. Ling, G. Tan, Q. Man, Y. Lou, S. Chen, X. Gu, R. Li, J. Pan, and X. Liu, “Broadband microwave absorbing materials based on MWCNTs’ electromagnetic wave filtering effect,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 171, pp. 214-221, 2019.
V. A. Zhuravlev, V. Suslyaev, E. Y. Korovin, and K. V. Dorozhkin, “Electromagnetic waves absorbing characteristics of composite material containing carbonyl iron particles,” Materials Sciences and Applications, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 803-811, 2005.
K. J. Vinoy and R. M. Jha, Radar Absorbing Materials: From Theory to Design and Characterization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, USA, 1996.
Y. Liu, X. Liu, and X. Wang, “Double-layer microwave absorber based on CoFe2O4 ferrite and carbonyl iron composites,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 584, pp. 249-253, 2014.
W. Meng, Y. Deng, and S. Li, “Absorption properties of carbonyl-iron/carbon black double- layer microwave absorbers,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 321, no. 20, pp. 3442-3446, 2009.
V. M. Petrov, and V. V. Gagulin “Microwave absorbing materials,” Inorganic Materials, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 93-98, 2001.
M. R. Meshram, Nawal K. Agrawal, Bharoti Sinha, and P. S. Misra, “Characterization of M-type barium hexagonal ferrite-based wide band microwave absorber,” Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 271, pp. 207-214, 2004.
S. Cui and D. S. Weile, “Particle swarm optimization,” IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 1942-1948, 1995.
S. Cui and D. S. Weile, “Application of a parallel particle swarm optimization scheme to the design of electromagnetic absorbers,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 3616-3624, Nov. 2014.
C. Wei, X. Shen, and F. Song, “Double-layer microwave absorber based on nanocrystalline Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4α−Fe microfibers,” Materials and Design, vol. 35, pp. 363-368, 2012.
J. Robinson and Y. Rahmat-Samii, “Particle swarm optimization in electromagnetics,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 397-407, Feb. 2004.
J. Kennedy, “Particle swarm optimization,” Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, pp. 760-766, 2001.