Synthesis and Design of a Wideband Filtering Impedance Transformer and its Application as a Power Divider

作者

  • Haili Zhang Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University, Ningbo 315210, China, Institute of IOT Application Technology Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
  • Zhenzhong Chen Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University, Ningbo 315210, China
  • Taijun Liu Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University, Ningbo 315210, China

##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:

https://doi.org/10.13052/2026.ACES.J.410409

关键词:

Filtering transformer, impedance transformer, isolation bandwidth, synthesis method, wideband power divider

摘要

In this paper, two classes of impedance transformers with wide operating bandwidth are presented. The impedance parameters can be directly determined based on the specified impedance transformation ratio, fractional bandwidth (FBW), and in-band return loss (RL) requirements. To validate the proposed method, an impedance transformer is designed at the center frequency (f0) of 2.4 GHz and an impedance-transforming ratio (r) of 0.5. The filtering impedance transformer with FBW = 90% and RL=20dB is fabricated and measured, validating the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, to demonstrate its application potential, the second impedance transformer is employed to realize a filtering power divider with wide operating bandwidth and enhanced isolation bandwidth.

##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##

##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##

##submission.authorBiographies##

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Haili Zhang received the B.S. degree from Henan University, China, in 2003 and the M.S. degree in material engineering from university of electronic science and technology of China, in 2008. From 2006 to 2009, he was a quality engineer with the Chinese People’s Liberation Army 3303 Factory. He has worked in three companies as R&D manager: Dongguan ACE Technology Co. Ltd., Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication Technology Co. Ltd., and Shenzhen Dafu Telecommunication Technology Co. Ltd. In 2010, he joined Zhejiang Fashion Institute of Technology and founded the faculty of urban railway communication, engaging in management, teaching, and researching. He is currently studying for a Ph.D. degree at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University. His research interests include RF modules, smart antenna, and radar.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Zhenzhong Chen received the Ph.D. degree in electromagnetic field and microwave technology from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, in 2023. He is currently a Lecturer with Ningbo University, Ningbo. He serves as an Active Reviewer for multiple academic journals. His research interests include array antenna, filtering antenna, phased-array antennas, and microwave/millimeter-wave circuit integration.

##submission.authorWithAffiliation##

Taijun Liu (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.S. degree in applied physics from the China University of Petroleum, Dongying, China, in 1986, the M.Eng. in electrical engineering from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, in 1989, and he received the Ph.D. degree at the École Poly technique de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, in 2005. He is currently working with Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, as a professor. His current research interests are nonlinear modeling and linearization of wide-band transmitters/power amplifiers, and design of ultra linear highefficiency intelligent power amplifiers for broad-band wireless and satellite communications system.

参考

S. Chen, G. Zhao, M. Tang, and Y. Yu, “Wideband filtering impedance transformer based on transversal interaction concept,” Electron. Lett., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 368–370, Oct. 2018.

P. Kim, G. Chaudhary, and Y. Jeong, “Wideband impedance transformer with out-of-band suppression characteristics,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 2612–2616, June 2014.

X. Wang, Z. Ma, T. Xie, M. Ohira, C.-P. Chen, and G. Lu, “Synthesis theory of ultra-wideband bandpass transformer and its Wilkinson power divider application with perfect in-band reflection/isolation,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 3377–3390, Aug. 2019.

M. Chongcheawchamnan, S. Patisang, S. Srisathit, R. Phromloungsri, and S. Bunnjaweht, “Analysis and design of a three-section transmission-line transformer,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 2458–2462, July 2005.

R. Darraji, M. M. Honari, R. Mirzavand, F. M. Ghannouchi, and P. Mouavi, “Wideband two-section impedance transformer with flat real-to-real impedance matching,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 313–315, May 2016.

Q. Wu and L. Zhu, “Wideband impedance transformers on parallel-coupled and multisection microstrip lines: Synthesis design and implementation,” IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1873–1880, Dec. 2016.

Q. Wu and L. Zhu, “Wideband impedance transformers with good frequency selectivity based on multisection quarter-wave lines and short-circuited stubs,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 337–339, May 2016.

Q. Wu and L. Zhu, “Synthesis design of a wideband impedance transformer consisting of two-section coupled lines,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 144–150, July 2017.

P. Kim, G. Chaudhary, and Y. Jeong, “Ultra-high transforming ratio coupled line impedance transformer with bandpass response,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 445–447, July 2017.

C. W. Hsieh, S. C. Lin, and J. Y. Li, “Bandpass impedance transformers with extremely high transforming ratios using Π

-tapped feeds,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 28193–28202, June 2018.

Z. Zhuang, Y. Wu, M. Kong, and W. Wang, “High-selectivity single-ended/balanced DC-block filtering impedance transformer and its application on power amplifier,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 4360–4369, Dec. 2017.

F. Liu, K. Fan, X. Zhang, Q. Tan, X. Zhang, and L. Liu, “A millimeter-wave wideband low-sidelobe slotted antenna array based on a high power divider ratio microstrip ridge gap waveguide feed network,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 4780–4784, Dec. 2025.

S. Y. Zheng, Z. W. Liu, Y. M. Pan, Y. Wu, W. S. Chan, and Y. Liu, “Bandpass filtering Doherty power amplifier with enhanced efficiency and wideband harmonic suppression,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 337–346, Mar. 2016.

O. Kasar, M. Kahriman, and M. A. Gozel, “Application of ultra wideband RF energy harvesting by using multisection Wilkinson power combiner,” Int. J. RF Microw. Comput.-Aided Eng., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019.

D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 2005.

E. Wilkinson, “An N-way hybrid power divider,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 116–118, Jan. 1960.

R. Mirzavand, M. M. Honari, A. Abdipour, and G. Mordi, “Compact microstrip Wilkinson power dividers with harmonic suppression and arbitrary power division ratios,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 61–68, Jan. 2013.

C. Bao, X. Wang, Z. Ma, C.-P. Chen, and G. Lu, “An optimization algorithm in ultrawideband bandpass Wilkinson power divider for controllable equal-ripple level,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 861–864, Sep. 2020.

S. Kouhpayeh-Zadeh-Esfahani, K. Afrooz, and E. Moradi, “A 10:1 unequal Gysel power divider/ combiner,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 2689–2692, Aug. 2016.

X. Wang, K.-L. Wu, and W.-Y. Yin, “A compact Gysel power divider with unequal power-dividing ratio using one resistor,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 1480–1486, July 2014.

H. Chen, Y. Zhou, T. Zhang, W. Che, and Q. Xue, “N-way Gysel power divider with arbitrary power-dividing ratio,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 659–669, Feb. 2019.

Y. Liu, L. Zhu, and S. Sun, “Proposal and design of a power divider with wideband power division and port-to-port isolation: A new topology,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1431–1438, Dec. 2019.

B.-G. Liu, J.-C. Pu, H. Tang, Y. Cheng, and C.-H. Cheng, “Compact quadruple-mode FSIW filtering power divider with high isolation using embedded capacitive isolation network,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 3750–3754, Aug. 2024.

L. Jiao, Y. Wu, Y. Liu, Q. Xue, and Z. Ghassemlooy, “Wideband filtering power divider with embedded transversal signal-interference sections,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1068–1070, Dec. 2017.

D. Li, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Liu, and Q. Chen, “Characteristic analysis of parallel and anti-parallel coupled line structures and their integrated design in filtering power dividers,” IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol., vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1845–1856, Nov. 2023.

L. Liu, L. Zhu, Z.-B. Wang, and Y.-R. Zhang, “Proposal and synthesis of self-packaged wideband bandpass power divider with constant power ratio and full phase difference range,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 1646–1658, Mar. 2025.

Y. Zhang, H. Liu, S. Chen, Z. Wang, and S. Fang, “All-port-reflectionless wideband filtering power divider using five-line coupled structure,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Technol. Lett., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 31–34, Jan. 2025.

R. Levy and L. F. Lind, “Synthesis of symmetrical branch-guide directional couplers,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 80–89, Feb. 1968.

M. C. Horton and R. J. Wenzel, “General theory and design of optimum quarter-wave TEM filters,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 316–327, Jan. 1965.

H. J. Carlin and W. Kohler, “Direct synthesis of band-pass transmission line structures,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 283–297, Dec. 1965.

L. Zhu, S. Sun, and R. Li, Microwave Bandpass Filters for Wideband Communications. New York, NY: Wiley, 2012.

P. Chen, X. Wang, L. Zhu, and G. Lu, “Design of wideband bandpass filters based on three types of coupled stub-loaded resonators,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 10617–10631, Dec. 2025.

##submission.downloads##

已出版

2026-04-30