Millimeter-wave Frequency FDTD Simulation for Error Vector Magnitude of Modulated Signals
关键词:
EVM, FDTD, QAM摘要
At millimeter frequencies, a simulation of propagating complex modulated signals through an environmental channel can be computationally prohibitive using the finite difference time domain method. A transfer function approach known as the “grid impulse response” method uses a deltafunction as a source signal to solve for the transfer function of the finite difference time domain grid. Once the transfer function of the channel is known, any number of source signals of differing lengths, such as those involving M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation may be used to estimate the propagation of a complex modulated signal through the environmental channel. Numerical investigations show that the maximum error between the two approaches can be very small. Simple environmental channels are used to present the error vector magnitude at mmWave frequencies obtained from the grid impulse response method.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
参考
J. B. Schneider and C. L. Wagner, “FDTD dispersion revisited: Fasterthan-light propagation,” in IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 54-56, Feb. 1999.
J. P. Bérenger, “Propagation and Aliasing of High Frequencies in the FDTD Grid,” in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 117-124, Feb. 2016.
E. Perrin, C. Guiffaut, A. Reineix, and F. Tristant, “Using Transfer Function Calculation and Extrapolation to Improve the Efficiency of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method at Low Frequencies,” in IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 173- 178, Feb. 2010.
M. Mckinley, K. A. Remley, M. Mylinshi, and J. S. Kenney, “EVM Calculation for Broadband Modulated Signals,” in ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference, Orlando, FL, 2004.
A. Z. Elsherbeni and V. Demir, The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagentics with MATLAB Simulations. Second edition, ACES Series on Computational Electromagnetics and Engineering, SciTech Publishing, an Imprint of IET, Edison, NJ, 2015.
J. A. Roden and S. D. Gedney, “Convolutional PML (CPML): An efficient FDTD implementation of the CFS-PML for arbitrary media,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol 27, pp 334-339, 2000.