Full-Wave Analysis of Indoor Electromagnetic Pollution from Base-Station Antennas

作者

  • Xunwang Zhao School of Electronic Engineering Collaborate Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
  • Zhongchao Lin School of Electronic Engineering Collaborate Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
  • Huanhuan Zhang School of Electronic Engineering Collaborate Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
  • Sio-Weng Ting School of Electronic Engineering Collaborate Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
  • Yu Zhang School of Electronic Engineering Collaborate Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understanding Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China

关键词:

Base-station antennas, buildings, radiation safety, method of moments, parallel technique

摘要

Three-dimensional (3D) intricately detailed models for base-station antennas and buildings are created. Indoor radiation from antennas is accurately analyzed using the higher-order basis functions (HOBs) in the context of method of moments (MoM). The use of HOBs reduces the number of unknowns in MoM compared with the use of piecewise Rao-Wilton- Glisson basis functions (RWGs). To significantly improve the capability of MoM, an efficient parallel algorithm is developed based on a block-cyclic matrix distribution scheme. Taking radiation power, mainbeam pointing and materials into account, the electricfield distribution inside buildings is simulated to determine the indoor radiation level, which may be beyond the safety limit. The numerical results are verified through comparison with the measured results.

##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##

##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##

参考

A. Bamba, W. Joseph, J. B. Andersen, E. Tanghe, G. Vermeeren, D. Plets, J. O. Nielsen, and L. Martens, “Experimental assessment of specific absorption rate using room electromagnetics,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 747-757, August 2012.

O. Cerezci1, A. Y. Citkaya, S. S. Seker, and Z. S. Citkaya, “Determination of the electromagnetic pollution in a district and recommendations to decrease exposure levels,” in 30th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, Jacksonville, USA, , pp. 697-702, 23- 27 March 2014.

K. A. Remley, H. R. Anderson, and A. Weisshar, “Improving the accuracy of ray-tracing techniques for indoor propagation modeling,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2350-2358, November 2000.

N. Tran-Minh and T. Do-Hong, “Application of raytracing technique for predicting average power distribution in indoor environment,” in Second International Conference on Communications and Electronics, Hoi an, Vietnam, pp. 121-125, 4-6 June 2008.

R. F. Harrington, Field Computation by Moment Methods, in IEEE Series on Electromagnetic Waves. New York: IEEE, 1993.

K. S. Yee, “Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equations in isotropic media,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 302-307, May 1966.

A. Alighanbari and C. D. Sarris, “Parallel timedomain full-wave analysis and system-level modeling of ultrawideband indoor communication systems,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 231-240, January 2009.

X. P. Yang, Q. Chen, and K. Sawaya, “Numerical analysis of wall effect on indoor MIMO channel capacity by using MoM-FDTD hybrid technique,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Albuquerque, USA, pp. 2979-2982, 9-14 July 2006.

V. Pham-Xuan, I. Kavanagh, M. Condon, and C. Brennan, “On comparison of integral equation approaches for indoor wave propagation,” in IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC), Aruba, pp. 796-799, 3-9 August 2014.

J. Fostier and F. Olyslager, “An asynchronous parallel MLFMA for scattering at multiple dielectric objects,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 2346-2355, August 2008.

Ç. Kurnaz, “An empirical modeling of electromagnetic pollution on a university campus,” ACES Express Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 76-79, February 2016.

Y. Zhang and T. K. Sarkar, Parallel Solution of Integral Equaton Based EM Problems in the Frequency Domain. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009.

B. M. Kolundzija and A. R. Djordjevic, Electromagnetic Modeling of Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures. Norwood: Artech House, 2002.

S. M. Rao, D. R. Wilton, and A. W. Glisson, “Electromagnetic scattering by surfaces of arbitrary shape,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 409-418, May 1982.

Y. Zhang, Z. Lin, X. Zhao, and T. K. Sarkar, “Performance of a massively parallel higher-order method of moments code using thousands of CPUs and its applications,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 6317-6324, December 2014.

http://www.feko.info/

C. K. Chio, S.-W. Ting, X. W. Zhao, T. K. Sarkar, Y. Zhang, and K.-W. Tam, “Prediction model for radiation from base-station antennas using electromagnetic simulation,” in Proc. of AsiaPacific Microwave Conference, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, pp. 1082-1084, 4-7 December 2012.

http://www.anite.com/businesses/network-testing

##submission.downloads##

已出版

2021-08-18

##submission.howToCite##

[1]
X. . Zhao, Z. . Lin, H. . Zhang, S.-W. . Ting, 和 Y. . Zhang, 《Full-Wave Analysis of Indoor Electromagnetic Pollution from Base-Station Antennas》, ACES Journal, 卷 31, 期 08, 页 982–988, 8月 2021.

期

2016: Vol 31 Iss 8

栏目

General Submission