A Multi-Path QKD Algorithm with Multiple Segments

Authors

  • Cheng Liu College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
  • Xuanxuan Che College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
  • Jianshe Xie College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
  • Yumin Dong College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13052/jcsm2245-1439.1321

Keywords:

QKD network, QKD Security, Segment Based Routing, Multi-Path Routing

Abstract

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides unconditional peer-to-peer security based on the principles of quantum physics. By utilizing relay nodes, the security of QKD can be extended over longer distances. However, the introduction of relay nodes brings both security and communication success rates issues. To tackle those issues we propose an enhanced multi-path scheme. The key features of our proposal are as follows: 1. By taking the reliability of relay nodes as one of the algorithm inputs,making the scheme more suitable for partially trusted QKD (PTQKD) networks. 2. By using Multi-Segment Multi-Path approach increases the difficulty for attackers to obtain complete key information and improves the security of PTQKD. 3. The adaptive routing algorithm generates a sufficient number of diverse paths based on node contribution rate, key freshness, and reliability. We conducted a theoretical analysis of the algorithm,and simulation results on PTQKD demonstrate that our method outperforms traditional QKD methods in terms of security and transmission success rate. This advancement has the potential to enhance the adoption of QKD networks.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Cheng Liu, College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China

Cheng Liu received a Bachelor’s degree in Network Engineering from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications in 2019. Currently, he is pursuing a Master’s degree in Computer Application Technology at Chongqing Normal University. His primary research areas include quantum computing and quantum communication.

Xuanxuan Che, College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China

Xuanxuan Che is a graduate student of Chongqing Normal University, researching in the direction of quantum computing.

Jianshe Xie, College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China

Jianshe Xie is a current Master of Science student in Computer Software and Theory at Chongqing Normal University, School of Computer Information and Science. His research focuses on the optimization of variational quantum algorithms and the computational advantages of hybrid quantum algorithms.

Yumin Dong, College of Computer and Information Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China

Yumin Dong, (Member, IEEE) was born in Jianping County, Liaoning, China, in 1966. He received the bachelor’s degree in physics radio from Liaoning University, in 1988, the master’s degree in computer application from Northeast University, in 1997, and the Ph.D. degree in control theory and control engineering from the East China University of Science and Technology, in 2007. He was a Computer Application Professional Engineer with Dongfeng Chaoyang Diesel Engine Company, from 1988 to 1998, and the ERP Development System Analyst of Beijing UFIDA Soft-ware Company Ltd., from 1999 to 2000. He was a Professor and a Master Supervisor with the School of Computer Science, Qingdao University of Technology, from 2001 to 2018. Since 2018, he has been a Professor and a Master Supervisor with the School of Computer Science, Chongqing Normal University. He has published more than 80 articles, two invention patents, presided over three NSFC projects, participated in three NSFC projects, presided over one provincial NSFC Project, and presided over five other projects. His scientific research interests include quantum information, artificial intelligence, computer application, ERP, and parallel computing.

References

Akwasi Adu-Kyere, Ethiopia Nigussie, and Jouni Isoaho. Quantum key distribution: Modeling and simulation through bb84 protocol using python3. Sensors, 22(16):6284, 2022.

Charles H Bennett. Quantum cryptography using any two nonorthogonal states. Physical review letters, 68(21):3121, 1992.

Charles H Bennett, François Bessette, Gilles Brassard, Louis Salvail, and John Smolin. Experimental quantum cryptography. Journal of cryptology, 5:3–28, 1992.

Gilles Brassard, Norbert Lütkenhaus, Tal Mor, and Barry C Sanders. Limitations on practical quantum cryptography. Physical review letters, 85(6):1330, 2000.

Chih-Yu Chen and Tzonelih Hwang. Mediated authenticated differential phase shift quantum key distribution. Optik, 272:170239, 2023.

Lutong Chen, Kaiping Xue, Jian Li, Nenghai Yu, Ruidong Li, Qibin Sun, and Jun Lu. Simqn: A network-layer simulator for the quantum network investigation. IEEE Network, 2023.

Yu-Ao Chen, Qiang Zhang, Teng-Yun Chen, Wen-Qi Cai, Sheng-Kai Liao, Jun Zhang, Kai Chen, Juan Yin, Ji-Gang Ren, Zhu Chen, et al. An integrated space-to-ground quantum communication network over 4,600 kilometres. Nature, 589(7841):214–219, 2021.

Chip Elliott, Alexander Colvin, David Pearson, Oleksiy Pikalo, John Schlafer, and Henry Yeh. Current status of the darpa quantum network. In Quantum Information and computation III, volume 5815, pages 138–149. SPIE, 2005.

Frédéric Grosshans and Philippe Grangier. Continuous variable quantum cryptography using coherent states. Physical review letters, 88(5):057902, 2002.

Won-Young Hwang. Quantum key distribution with high loss: toward global secure communication. Physical review letters, 91(5):057901, 2003.

Qiang Liu, Yinming Huang, Yongqiang Du, Zhengeng Zhao, Minming Geng, Zhenrong Zhang, and Kejin Wei. Advances in chip-based quantum key distribution. Entropy, 24(10):1334, 2022.

Hoi-Kwong Lo, Marcos Curty, and Bing Qi. Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. Physical review letters, 108(13):130503, 2012.

Akihiro Mizutani, Yuki Takeuchi, and Kiyoshi Tamaki. Finite-key security analysis of differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution. Physical Review Research, 5(2):023132, 2023.

William J Munro, Koji Azuma, Kiyoshi Tamaki, and Kae Nemoto. Inside quantum repeaters. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 21(3):78–90, 2015.

Melis Pahalı, Kadir Durak, and Utku Tefek. Photon budget optimization in an e91 quantum key distribution protocol. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.13837, 2022.

Momtchil Peev, Christoph Pacher, Romain Alléaume, Claudio Barreiro, Jan Bouda, W Boxleitner, Thierry Debuisschert, Eleni Diamanti, Mehrdad Dianati, JF Dynes, et al. The secoqc quantum key distribution network in vienna. New Journal of Physics, 11(7):075001, 2009.

Cheng-Zhi Peng, Jun Zhang, Dong Yang, Wei-Bo Gao, Huai-Xin Ma, Hao Yin, He-Ping Zeng, Tao Yang, Xiang-Bin Wang, and Jian-Wei Pan. Experimental long-distance decoy-state quantum key distribution based on polarization encoding. Physical review letters, 98(1):010505, 2007.

Danna Rosenberg, Jim W Harrington, Patrick R Rice, Philip A Hiskett, Charles G Peterson, Richard J Hughes, Adriana E Lita, Sae Woo Nam, and Jane E Nordholt. Long-distance decoy-state quantum key distribution in optical fiber. Physical review letters, 98(1):010503, 2007.

Masahide Sasaki, Mikio Fujiwara, H Ishizuka, W Klaus, K Wakui, M Takeoka, S Miki, T Yamashita, Z Wang, A Tanaka, et al. Field test of quantum key distribution in the tokyo qkd network. Optics express, 19(11):10387–10409, 2011.

Claude E Shannon. Communication theory of secrecy systems. The Bell system technical journal, 28(4):656–715, 1949.

Gautam Shaw, Shyam Sridharan, Shashank Ranu, Foram Shingala, Prabha Mandayam, and Anil Prabhakar. Time-bin superposition methods for dps-qkd. IEEE Photonics Journal, 14(5):1–7, 2022.

Mingjun Wang, Jian Li, Kaiping Xue, Ruidong Li, Nenghai Yu, Yangyang Li, Yifeng Liu, Qibin Sun, and Jun Lu. A segment-based multipath distribution method in partially-trusted relay quantum networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2023.

Xiang-Bin Wang. Beating the photon-number-splitting attack in practical quantum cryptography. Physical review letters, 94(23):230503, 2005.

Hao Wen, ZhengFu Han, YiBo Zhao, GuangCan Guo, and PeiLin Hong. Multiple stochastic paths scheme on partially-trusted relay quantum key distribution network. Science in China Series F: Information Sciences, 52(1):18–22, 2009.

Yi-Heng Zhou, Zong-Wen Yu, and Xiang-Bin Wang. Making the decoy-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution practically useful. Physical Review A, 93(4):042324, 2016.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-12

How to Cite

1.
Liu C, Che X, Xie J, Dong Y. A Multi-Path QKD Algorithm with Multiple Segments. JCSANDM [Internet]. 2024 Feb. 12 [cited 2024 Apr. 28];13(02):193-214. Available from: https://journals.riverpublishers.com/index.php/JCSANDM/article/view/23347

Issue

2024: Vol 13 Iss 2

Section

Cyber Security Issues and Solutions

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.