Abstract
This paper proposes a malware family classification framework based on multimodal fusion to improve the accuracy of malware classification and create a reliable network security environment. In addition, this paper uses a method that combines Bi-LSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and 1D-CNN (One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network) to fully mine the contextual semantic information of API (Application Programming Interface) call sequences, generates initial prototypes for each family through the prototype network, and dynamically generates multiple prototypes for the family through multiple iterations. In addition, this paper adjusts and allocates multiple prototypes of the family based on the probability calculation method of the Gaussian mixture model, and uses it as the final family classifier. Finally, this paper verifies the model effect through experiments. The experimental results show that the family classification accuracy of Bi-LSTM-1D-CNN can reach more than 80%, which is better than the classification accuracy of other methods. At the same time, compared with the infinite hybrid prototype network IMP (Infinite Mixture Prototypes Network), the method proposed in this paper integrates the supervision information in the support set label into the decision-making of prototype establishment, so that it can better participate in the model training process. Furthermore, through the powerful massive data analysis and computing capabilities of deep learning technology, it is possible to effectively realize the automatic detection and classification of malware, and to build a classification model by mining the multiple modes of malware, so as to better play the application advantages of machine learning technology in this field.
References
Moon, J., Kim, S., Song, J., and Kim, K. (2021). Study on machine learning techniques for malware classification and detection. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS), 15(12), 4308–4325.
Yadav, B., and Tokekar, S. (2021). Recent innovations and comparison of deep learning techniques in malware classification: a review. International Journal of Information Security Science, 9(4), 230–247.
Qiao, Y., Zhang, W., Du, X., and Guizani, M. (2021). Malware classification based on multilayer perception and Word2Vec for IoT security. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), 22(1), 1–22.
Mallik, A., Khetarpal, A., and Kumar, S. (2022). ConRec: malware classification using convolutional recurrence. Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, 18(4), 297–313.
Wu, B., Chen, S., Gao, C., Fan, L., Liu, Y., Wen, W., and Lyu, M. R. (2021). Why an android app is classified as malware: Toward malware classification interpretation. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 30(2), 1–29.
Li, L., Ding, Y., Li, B., Qiao, M., and Ye, B. (2022). Malware classification based on double byte feature encoding. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(1), 91–99.
Aurangzeb, S., Anwar, H., Naeem, M. A., and Aleem, M. (2022). BigRC-EML: big-data based ransomware classification using ensemble machine learning. Cluster Computing, 25(5), 3405–3422.
Habibi, O., Chemmakha, M., and Lazaar, M. (2023). Performance evaluation of CNN and pre-trained models for malware classification. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(8), 10355–10369.
Ambekar, N. G., Devi, N. N., Thokchom, S., and Yogita. (2025). TabLSTMNet: enhancing android malware classification through integrated attention and explainable AI. Microsystem Technologies, 31(3), 695–713.
Ullah, F., Cheng, X., Mostarda, L., and Jabbar, S. (2023). Android-iot malware classification and detection approach using deep url features analysis. Journal of Database Management (JDM), 34(2), 1–26.
Hosseini, S., Nezhad, A. E., and Seilani, H. (2021). Android malware classification using convolutional neural network and LSTM. Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, 17(4), 307–318.
Yan, S., Ren, J., Wang, W., Sun, L., Zhang, W., and Yu, Q. (2022). A survey of adversarial attack and defense methods for malware classification in cyber security. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 467–496.
Mehta, R., Jureèková, O., and Stamp, M. (2024). A natural language processing approach to Malware classification. Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, 20(1), 173–184.
Ahmed, I., Anisetti, M., Ahmad, A., and Jeon, G. (2022). A multilayer deep learning approach for malware classification in 5G-enabled IIoT. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 19(2), 1495–1503.
Zhong, F., Chen, Z., Xu, M., Zhang, G., Yu, D., and Cheng, X. (2022). Malware-on-the-brain: Illuminating malware byte codes with images for malware classification. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 72(2), 438–451.
Yuan, B., Wang, J., Wu, P., and Qing, X. (2021). IoT malware classification based on lightweight convolutional neural networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(5), 3770–3783.
Paik, J. Y., Jin, R., and Cho, E. S. (2022). Malware classification using a byte-granularity feature based on structural entropy. Computational Intelligence, 38(4), 1536–1558.
Dilhara, B. A. S. (2021). Classification of Malware using Machine learning and Deep learning Techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications, 183(32), 12–17.
Kumar, K. A., Kumar, K., and Chiluka, N. L. (2022). Deep learning models for multi-class malware classification using Windows exe API calls. International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems, 10(3), 185–201.
Nugraha, U., Ahmad, A., Mansor, W. N. A. W., and Saudi, M. M. (2021). Malware classification using machine learning algorithm. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(8), 1834–1844.
Jamal, A., Hayat, M. F., and Nasir, M. (2022). Malware detection and classification in IoT network using ANN. Mehran University Research Journal Of Engineering & Technology, 41(1), 80–91.
Dhalaria, M., and Gandotra, E. (2021). Android malware detection techniques: A literature review. Recent Patents on Engineering, 15(2), 225–245.
Parihar, A. S., Kumar, S., and Khosla, S. (2022). S-DCNN: Stacked deep convolutional neural networks for malware classification. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 81(21), 30997–31015.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Cyber Security and Mobility
