Application Mode of Blockchain Technology in User Data Sovereignty and Privacy Protection

Abstract

In the decentralized Internet environment, growing awareness of user data sovereignty has raised higher requirements for privacy protection in blockchain scenarios. To enhance the security and controllability of data authorization, this study develops a model integrating zero-knowledge proof (ZKP), field disclosure control, and multi-party joint verification. The ZKP ensures verifiable privacy, field disclosure control minimizes data exposure, and multi-party verification strengthens consistency and tamper resistance. Through this collaborative integration, the model forms a unified framework for secure and transparent data authorization. Experimental results on two blockchain datasets show that the model outperforms comparison approaches in authorization accuracy, field matching consistency, and verification efficiency, achieving a minimum verification loss of 0.248 and a true positive rate of 96.8%. Under simulation conditions, it maintains stable performance across different complexity levels, with authorization accuracy of 95.1% and field validation consistency of 96.5%. Compared with traditional single-mechanism methods, the model delivers comprehensive improvements in privacy strength, verification transparency, and collaborative trust, demonstrating strong potential for application in high-sensitivity blockchain privacy protection scenarios, particularly in privacy-critical domains such as healthcare record management, financial data exchange, and supply chain traceability.