AN ENERGY-ADAPTIVE MULTIPLE PATHS ROUTING APPROACH FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Keywords:
Wireless sensor networks, multiple paths, energy-adaptiveAbstract
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is expected to have a significant impact on military and civil applications such as target field imaging, intrusion detection, weather monitoring. Sensors are battery-powered, and hence energy-conserving communications are essential to prolong the sensor network’s lifetime. Also, given the unreliable nature of the wireless channels and the high failure rate of the individual sensors, a fault tolerant routing protocol with energy-efficiency is getting more and more attention. In this paper, we propose an energy-adaptive multiple paths routing algorithm (EMRA) for wireless sensor networks. It consists of three elements: (i) gradients to disseminate data over multiple paths from a source to a sink, (ii) rules used for setting up disjoint multiple paths, and (iii) policies for selecting multiple paths. By limiting the maximum number of the gradients, the exploratory data messages forwarded is decreased efficiently. By using the rules for setting up disjoint multiple paths, the sink node can get a sufficient number of disjoint multiple paths, which enables EMRA to recover from a routing failure quickly. Our analysis and simulation results reveal that EMRA performs better than the existing multiple paths routing algorithms in terms of the average dissipated energy and the delay to set up multiple paths.
Downloads
References
Jamal N. Al-Karaki, Ahmed E.Kamal. Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey.
IEEE Wireless Communications. Dec. 2004.
D.Ganesan, R.Govindan, S.Shenker, and D.Estrin, “Highly-resilient, energy-efficient multipath
routing in wireless sensor networks,” in ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review,
vol.5, no.4, 2001.
Fabio Silva, John Heidemann, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. Directed diffusion.
USC/ISI Technical Report ISI-TR-2004-586. February 10, 2004.
Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, Deborah Estrin., John Heidemann, and Fabio
Silva. Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networks. ACM/IEEE Transactions on Networking,
(1):2-16, February 2003.
I. Akyildiz et al.. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Mag., Vol. 40, no.8, Aug. 2002,
pp.102-14.
Mainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, D. Culler, and J. Anderson. Wireless sensor networks for
habitat monitoring. In First ACM Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications
(WSNA 2002), Atlanta, GA, USA, September 2002.
W.Heinzelman, A.Chandrakasan and H.Balakrishnan, “Energy-efficient communication protocol
for wireless microsensor networks,” Proc. 33rd Hawaii Int’l. Conf. Sys. Sci., Jan. 2000.
Lianfang Zhang, Zenghua Zhao, Yantai Shu,Lei Wang,and Oliver W. W. Yang, “Load Balancing
of Multipath Source Routing in Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE, 2002.
Sung-Ju Lee and Mario Gerla, “Split Multipath Routing with Maximally Disjoint Paths in Ad Hoc
Networks,” IEEE, 2001.
Jinglun Shi, Zhang Ling, Shoubing Dong, Zhou Jie, “A Stability-based Multipath Algorithm For
Ad Hoc Networks,” IEEE PIMRC, Beijing, China, 2003.
M. Pearlman, Z. Haas, P. Sholander and S. S. Tabrizi, “On the Impact of Alternate Path Routing
for Load Balancing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks,” MobiHoc’2000, Boston, USA, August11,
J. Chen, P. Druschel and D. Subramanian, “An Efficient Multipath Forwarding Method,”
Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM’98, San Francisco, CA, Mar.1998, P1418-1425.
Stefan Dulman, Tim Nieberg, Jian Wu, Paul Havinga, “Trade-off between traffic overhead and
reliability in multipath routing for wireless sensor networks,” IEEE 2003.
QualNet. Network simulator. Available at http://www.qualnet.com, 2003
Xiaobing Hou, David Tipper and Joseph Kabara, “Label-based Multipath Routing (LMR) in
Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings 6th International Symposium on Advanced Radio
Technologies (ISART 04), Boulder, CO, March 2-4, 2004.
Liu, Y., Xiong, N., Zhao, Y., Vasilakos, A.V., Gao, J, Jia, Y. Multi-layer clustering routing
algorithm for wireless vehicular sensor networks. IET communications, 2010, Volume 4, Issue 7,
pp: 810-816.
Bouabdallah, F., Bouabdallah, N., Boutaba, R. On balancing energy consumption in wireless
sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on vehicular technology, 2009, Volume 58, Issue 6, pp: 2909-
Shah-Mansouri, V., Mohsenian-Rad, A.-H., Wong, V.W.S. Lexicographically optimal routing for
wireless sensor networks with multiple sinks. IEEE Transactions on vehicular technology.2009,
Volume 58, Issue 3, pp: 1490-1500.
