HASH CHAIN LINKS RESYNCHRONIZATION METHODS IN VIDEO STREAMING SECURITY: PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
Keywords:
Video Streaming, Hash Chain, Robustness, Resynchronization, Redundancy CodeAbstract
Hash chains provide a secure and light way of security to data authentication including two aspects: Data Integrity and Data Origin Authentication. The real challenge of using the hash chains is how it could recover the synchronization state and continue keeping the hash link in case of packet loss? Based on the packet loss tolerance and some accepted delay of video delivery which are representing the permitted tolerance for heavy loaded applications, we propose different mechanisms for such synchronization recovery. Each mechanism is suitable to use according to the video use case and the low capabilities of end devices. This paper proposes comparative results between them based on the status of each one and its overhead. Then, we propose a hybrid technique based Redundancy Code (RC). This hybrid algorithm is simulated and compared analytically against the other techniques (SHHC, TSP, MLHC and TSS). Moreover, a global performance evaluation in terms of delay and overhead is conducted for all techniques.
Downloads
References
H.Aslan; ‘A hybrid scheme for multicast authentication over lossy networks’; Computers &
Security (2004) 23, pp.705-713.
A.Perrig, R.Szewczyk, V.Wen, D.Culler, J. D. Tygar; ‘SPINS: Security Protocols for Sensor
Networks’, ACM Mobile Computing and Networking, Rome, Italy, 2001.
I.Syamsuddin; T.Dillon; E.Chang; H.Song; ‘A Survey of RFID Authentication Protocols Based on
Hash-Chain Method’; Third International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information
Technology ICCIT 08; Vol. 2, 11-13 Nov. 2008, pp.559 – 564.
H.Guo , Y.Li , S.Jajodia; ‘Chaining watermarks for detecting malicious modifications to streaming
data’; Information Sciences 177 (2007),pp.281–298.
M-S.Hwang and P.Sung ; ‘A Study of Micro-payment Based on One-Way Hash Chain’;
International Journal of Network Security, Vol.2, No.2, Mar. 2006, pp.81–90.
L.Lamport; ‘Password authentication with insecure communication’; Communications of the
ACM, 24(11): November 1981, pp770-772.
Y.LIU, L.HU, and H.LIU;’ Using an efficient hash chain and delaying function to improve an elottery
scheme ‘; International Journal of Computer Mathematics; Vol. 84, No. 7, July 2007,
pp.967–970.
Y.Challal, A.Bouabdallah and Y.Hinard; ‘RLH: receiver driven layered hash-chaining for
multicast data origin authentication’; Computer Communications 28 (2005), pp.726–740.
R.Gennaro and P.Rohatgi; ‘How to sign digital streams’, In Proceedings of the Advances in
Cryptology CRYPTO’97, 1997, pp.180-197.
Z.ZHISHOU, J.APOSTOLOPOULOS, Q.SUN, S.WEE and W.WONG; ‘Stream authentication
based on generalized butterfly graph’; In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Image Processing (ICIP’07), Vol. 6. 2007, pp.121–124.
A. Perrig, R. Canetti, J. Tygar and D. Song, “Efficient authentication and signing of multicast
streams over lossy channels,” in Proc. of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2000, pp. 56-
P. Golle and N. Modadugu, “Authentication streamed data in the presence of random packet loss,”
ISOC Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, 2001, pp.13-22.
E.Abd-Elrahman; H.Afifi;’ Optimization of File Allocation for Video Sharing Servers’, NTMS 3rd
IEEE Conference, Dec. 2009, pp.1 – 5.
Y. Kikuchi, T. Nomura, S. Fukunaga, Y. Matsui, H. Kimata ; ‘RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4
Audio/Visual Streams’, RFC 3016, Nov. 2000.
J. Staddon, S. Miner, M. Franklin, D. Balfanz, M. Malkin and D. Dean, ‘‘Self-healing Key
Distribution with Revocation’’, proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp.
-240, 2002.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 2002, FIPS 180–2: ‘Secure hash standard’
(Washington, DC: NIST, US Department of Commerce).
E.Abd-Elrahman, M.Boutabia and H.Afifi, ‘Video Streaming Security: Reliable Hash Chain
Mechanism Using Redundancy Codes’, The ACM 8th International Conference on Advances in
Mobile Computing and Multimedia (MOMM 2010) Paris, France, 8-10 Nov 2010, pp.69-76.
E. Abd-Elrahman, M. Abid and H.Afifi, ‘’ Video Streaming Security: Window-Based Hash Chain
Signature Combines with Redundancy Code’’, The IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia
(ISM2010) Taiwan, Dec 2010, pp.33-40.
L.Ronald, R.Rivest. The MD5 message-digest algorithm. Internet Request for Comment RFC
, Internet Engineering Task Force, April 1992.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Secure Hash Standard (SHA), Federal
Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 180-1, May 1993.
H. Krawczyk, M. Bellare, R. Canetti; ‘‘HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication’’,
Request for Comments: 2104, Feb 1997.
American Bankers Association, Keyed Hash Message Authentication Code, ANSI X9.71,
Washington, D.C., 2000.
M.Hefeeda and K.Mokhtarian; ‘‘Authentication Schemes for Multimedia Streams: Quantitative
Analysis and Comparison’’, ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and
Applications, Vol. 6, No. 1, Article 6, February 2010.
M.-J. Montpetit, G. Fairhurst, H. Clausen, B. Collini-Nocker, H. Linder ;’’ A Framework for
Transmission of IP Datagrams over MPEG-2 Networks’’ , RFC 4259, Nov. 2005.
X. Wang and H. Yu, "How to Break MD5 and Other Hash Functions", Proceedings of EuroCrypt
, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3494, 2005.
NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-107, Recommendation for Applications Using Approved Hash
Algorithms, July 2008.
Q.Wang, H.Khurana, Y.Huang, K.Nahrstedt, ‘‘Time Valid One-Time Signature for Time-Critical
Multicast Data Authentication’’, IEEE INFOCOM 2009, pp.1233-1241.
E. Rescorla, ‘‘Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Method’’, RFC 2631, June 1999.
S. Blake-Wilson, N. Bolyard, V. Gupta, C. Hawk, B. Moeller; ‘Elliptic Curve Cryptography
(ECC) Cipher Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)’, RFC 4492, May 2006.
A.Shamir, ‘‘Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes’’, 1984.
Zhishou Zhang; Qibin Sun; Wai-Choong Wong; Apostolopoulos, J.; Wee, S.; , "Rate-Distortion-
Authentication Optimized Streaming of Authenticated Video," Circuits and Systems for Video
Technology, IEEE Transactions on , vol.17, no.5, May 2007, pp.544-557.
Qibin Sun; Zhi Li; Yong Lian; Chang Wen Chen; , "Joint Source-Channel-Authentication
Resource Allocation for Multimedia overWireless Networks," Circuits and Systems, 2007. ISCAS
IEEE International Symposium on, 27-30 May 2007, pp.3471-3474.
